主要的因素是它是一种静态类型的语言，可以编译为机器代码。此外，由于它是一种低级语言，它通常不会做任何您不让它做的事情。

这些是我想到的其他一些因素。

Variables are not automatically initialized No bounds checking on arrays Unchecked pointer manipulation No integer overflow checking Statically-typed variables Function calls are static (unless you use function pointers) Compiler writers have had lots of time to improve the optimizing code. Also, people program in C for the purpose of getting the best performance, so there's pressure to optimize the code. Parts of the language specification are implementation-defined, so compilers are free to do things in the most optimal way

大多数静态类型语言的编译速度可以和C语言一样快，甚至比C语言更快，特别是如果它们可以假设C语言因为指针别名等原因而不能这样做的话。

The fastest running code would be carefully hand crafted machine code. Assembler will be almost as good. Both are very low level and it takes a lot of writing code to do things. C is a little above assembler. You still have the ability to control things at a very low level in the actual machine, but there is enough abstraction make writing it faster and easier then assembler. Other languages such as C# and JAVA are even more abstract. While Assembler and machine code are called low level languages, C# and JAVA (and many others) are called high level languages. C is sometimes called a middle level language.

这不是语言的问题，而是工具和库的问题。C语言可用的库和编译器比新语言要老得多。你可能认为这会让它们变慢，但事实恰恰相反。

这些库是在处理能力和内存非常重要的时候编写的。它们必须写得非常高效，才能发挥作用。C编译器的开发人员也花了很长时间为不同的处理器进行各种巧妙的优化。C语言的成熟和广泛采用使得它比同时期的其他语言具有显著的优势。它还使C语言在速度上比那些不像C语言那样强调原始性能的新工具更有优势。

一些c++算法比C快，其他语言中的算法或设计模式的一些实现可能比C快。

当人们说C语言很快，然后转向谈论其他语言时，他们通常是在用C语言的性能作为基准。

与其说C的速度快，不如说C的成本模型是透明的。如果一个C程序慢，它的慢是通过一个明显的方式:执行很多语句。与C语言中操作的代价相比，对对象(特别是反射)或字符串的高级操作可能具有不明显的代价。

标准ML(使用MLton编译器)和Objective Caml这两种语言通常编译成二进制文件的速度与C语言一样快。如果你检查一下基准测试游戏，你会发现对于一些基准测试，比如二叉树，OCaml版本比c更快(我没有找到任何MLton的条目)。但不要把枪战看得太严重;正如它所说的，它是一个游戏，结果通常反映了人们在调优代码上投入了多少精力。

使用现代优化编译器，纯C程序不太可能比编译后的。net代码快得多，如果有的话。通过像。net这样的框架为开发人员提供的生产力提高，您可以在一天内完成过去用普通c语言需要几周或几个月才能完成的工作。再加上与开发人员的工资相比，硬件成本低廉，用高级语言编写这些东西并以任何缓慢的速度抛出硬件要便宜得多。

The reason Jeff and Joel talk about C being the "real programmer" language is because there is no hand-holding in C. You must allocate your own memory, deallocate that memory, do your own bounds-checking, etc. There's no such thing as new object(); There's no garbage collection, classes, OOP, entity frameworks, LINQ, properties, attributes, fields, or anything like that. You have to know things like pointer arithmetic and how to dereference a pointer. And, for that matter, know and understand what a pointer is. You have to know what a stack frame is and what the instruction pointer is. You have to know the memory model of the CPU architecture you're working on. There is a lot of implicit understanding of the architecture of a microcomputer (usually the microcomputer you're working on) when programming in C that simply is not present nor necessary when programming in something like C# or Java. All of that information has been off-loaded to the compiler (or VM) programmer.