我想出了这个函数，它不会改变原来的字典。这个函数也支持字典列表。

import functools
from typing import Union, Dict, List


def rename_dict_keys(
    data: Union[Dict, List[Dict]], old_key: str, new_key: str
):
    """
    This function renames dictionary keys

    :param data:
    :param old_key:
    :param new_key:
    :return: Union[Dict, List[Dict]]
    """
    if isinstance(data, dict):
        res = {k: v for k, v in data.items() if k != old_key}
        try:
            res[new_key] = data[old_key]
        except KeyError:
            raise KeyError(
                "cannot rename key as old key '%s' is not present in data"
                % old_key
            )
        return res
    elif isinstance(data, list):
        return list(
            map(
                functools.partial(
                    rename_dict_keys, old_key=old_key, new_key=new_key
                ),
                data,
            )
        )
    raise ValueError("expected type List[Dict] or Dict got '%s' for data" % type(data))

假设你想把键k3重命名为k4:

temp_dict = {'k1':'v1', 'k2':'v2', 'k3':'v3'}
temp_dict['k4']= temp_dict.pop('k3')

使用newkey检查!=oldkey，这样你可以做:

if newkey!=oldkey:  
    dictionary[newkey] = dictionary[oldkey]
    del dictionary[oldkey]

我想出了这个函数，它不会改变原来的字典。这个函数也支持字典列表。

import functools
from typing import Union, Dict, List


def rename_dict_keys(
    data: Union[Dict, List[Dict]], old_key: str, new_key: str
):
    """
    This function renames dictionary keys

    :param data:
    :param old_key:
    :param new_key:
    :return: Union[Dict, List[Dict]]
    """
    if isinstance(data, dict):
        res = {k: v for k, v in data.items() if k != old_key}
        try:
            res[new_key] = data[old_key]
        except KeyError:
            raise KeyError(
                "cannot rename key as old key '%s' is not present in data"
                % old_key
            )
        return res
    elif isinstance(data, list):
        return list(
            map(
                functools.partial(
                    rename_dict_keys, old_key=old_key, new_key=new_key
                ),
                data,
            )
        )
    raise ValueError("expected type List[Dict] or Dict got '%s' for data" % type(data))

如果有人想要一次重命名所有的键，提供一个包含新名称的列表:

def rename_keys(dict_, new_keys):
    """
     new_keys: type List(), must match length of dict_
    """

    # dict_ = {oldK: value}
    # d1={oldK:newK,} maps old keys to the new ones:  
    d1 = dict( zip( list(dict_.keys()), new_keys) )

          # d1{oldK} == new_key 
    return {d1[oldK]: value for oldK, value in dict_.items()}

我结合了上面帖子中的一些答案，并提出了下面的解决方案。虽然它很简单，但它可以用作从字典中进行更复杂的键更新的构建块。

test_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
print(test_dict)
# {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
prefix = 'up'
def dict_key_update(json_file):    
    new_keys = []
    old_keys = []
    for i,(key,value) in enumerate(json_file.items()):
        old_keys.append(key)
        new_keys.append(str(prefix) + key) # i have updated by adding a prefix to the 
        # key
    for old_key, new_key in zip(old_keys,new_keys):
        print('old {}, new {}'.format(old_key, new_key))
        if new_key!=old_key:  
           json_file[new_key] = json_file.pop(old_key)
     return json_file

test_dict = dict_key_update(test_dict)
print(test_dict)
# {'upa': 1, 'upb': 2, 'upc': 3}