好吧，唯一的CSS方式只做背景透明是通过RGBa，但因为你想使用图像，我建议使用Photoshop或Gimp使图像透明，然后使用它作为背景。

两种方法:

转换为PNG，使原始图像的透明度为0.2 (更好的方法)有一个<div>， position: absolute;在#main之前，高度与#main相同，然后应用background-image，不透明度:0.2;过滤器:α(不透明度= 20);。

#main {
    position: relative;
}
#main:after {
    content : "";
    display: block;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    background-image: url(/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/tandem.jpg); 
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    opacity : 0.2;
    z-index: -1;
}

我遇到了这篇文章，因为我有同样的问题，然后我想，当你可以很容易地在Photoshop中调整不透明度时，为什么要乱用css，调整值和点击刷新呢?复制图像，将其粘贴为新图层，然后移动不透明度滑块。

1 div和无透明图像的解决方案:

你可以使用多背景CSS3特性，放两个背景:一个是图片，另一个是透明面板(因为我认为没有办法直接设置背景图片的不透明度):

background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7) 100%), url(bg.png) repeat 0 0, url(https://cdn.sstatic.net/stackoverflow/img/apple-touch-icon.png) repeat 0 0;

background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 100%), url(https://cdn.sstatic.net/stackoverflow/img/apple-touch-icon.png) repeat 0 0;

background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,rgba(255,255,255,0.7)), color-stop(100%,rgba(255,255,255,0.7))), url(https://cdn.sstatic.net/stackoverflow/img/apple-touch-icon.png) repeat 0 0;

background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 100%), url(https://cdn.sstatic.net/stackoverflow/img/apple-touch-icon.png) repeat 0 0;

background: -o-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 100%), url(https://cdn.sstatic.net/stackoverflow/img/apple-touch-icon.png) repeat 0 0;

background: -ms-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 100%), url(https://cdn.sstatic.net/stackoverflow/img/apple-touch-icon.png) repeat 0 0;

background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 100%), url(https://cdn.sstatic.net/stackoverflow/img/apple-touch-icon.png) repeat 0 0;

您不能使用rgba(255,255,255,0.5)，因为单独使用它只在后面被接受，所以在本例中，我为每个浏览器都使用了生成的梯度(这就是为什么它这么长)。但是概念是这样的:

background: tranparentColor, url("myImage"); 

http://jsfiddle.net/pBVsD/1/

我也遇到了类似的问题，我只是用photoshop把背景图片用我需要的不透明度创建了一个新的。png。问题解决了，不用担心我的CSS是否在所有设备和浏览器上工作

简单的解决方案

如果你只需要设置背景图像的渐变:

background-image: url(IMAGE_URL); /* fallback for older browsers */

background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0,0,0,0.6) 0%,rgba(0,0,0,0.6) 100%), url(IMAGE_URL);

我用了@Dan Eastwell的答案，效果很好。该代码与他的代码类似，但增加了一些内容。

.granddata {
    position: relative;
    margin-left :0.5%;
    margin-right :0.5%;
}
.granddata:after {
    content : "";
    display: block;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    background-image: url("/Images/blabla.jpg");
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    opacity: 0.2;
    z-index: -1;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-position: center;
    background-attachment:fixed;
}

在CSS中添加…

 filter: opacity(50%);

在JavaScript中使用…

 element.style.filter='opacity(50%)';

注:根据需要添加供应商前缀，但铬应该没有。

我看到了这个，在CSS3中，你现在可以像这样放置代码。假设我想让它覆盖整个背景，我会这样做。然后使用hsla(0,0%，100%，0.70)或rgba，你可以使用白色背景和任意百分比的饱和度或不透明度来获得你想要的效果。

.body{
    background-attachment: fixed;
    background-image: url(../images/Store1.jpeg);
    display: block;
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    z-index: 1;
    background-color: hsla(0,0%,100%,0.70);
    background-blend-mode: overlay;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
}

我刚刚在#main中添加了position=absolute,top=0,width=100%，并设置不透明度为#background

#main{height:100%;position:absolute; top:0;width:100%}
#background{//same height as main;background-image:url(image URL);opacity:0.2}

我在主元素之前应用了一个div背景。

对于简单的图像，一个很好的方法是只使用CSS来设置HTML元素的背景，就像这样。

HTML { 背景:url (http://www.earthtimes.org/newsimage/eat-lead-by-example-obesity-expert-tells-parents_139.jpg); 宽度:100%; 高度:100%; ｝

如果你想要更花哨，并设置它的不透明度，那么，在IE9+*中，你可以设置透明的背景色的主体。这是通过覆盖半透明的白色来使图像更白，看起来更亮。例如，不透明度为75%的白色(rgba(255,255,255，.75))将产生以下效果。

HTML { background: url('http://www.earthtimes.org/newsimage/eat-lead-by-example-obesity-expert-tells-parents_139.jpg'); width: 100%; height: 100%; position: relative; } body { width: 100%; min-height: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; margin: 0; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .75); } <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, et id, maecenas a convallis, elit facilisi congue augue id ac. Suscipit luctus egestas rutrum, amet tincidunt porttitor ante convallis magna, vivamus amet at turpis, ante lacinia blandit vel metus mauris rutrum. Ipsum nam adipiscing. Est sapien quis sem vestibulum, quis cubilia turpis, suspendisse mattis vehicula enim risus pede, placerat suspendisse dui. Convallis nostrud pede, mollit lobortis, ornare ipsum tempor faucibus tortor, vel pede, porttitor nulla nonummy vestibulum purus. Eros placerat tenetur augue ipsum aliquam, pellentesque congue condimentum sed vitae lectus.</p> <p>Aliquam venenatis curabitur pellentesque sociosqu quam. Tincidunt id erat vestibulum in, est fermentum ipsum et augue, nascetur etiam. Lorem elit, sed donec, leo vivamus ac id enim faucibus vel. Nullam sit feugiat sed massa consectetuer auctor, nulla et erat lacinia nec, eget ut ante nullam est non in, elit porttitor in in donec eget porttitor. Interdum ultricies sem morbi facilisis nibh erat. Id suspendisse, sed tincidunt fringilla sit, sapien odio vel, at culpa augue sed taciti neque inceptos, massa class non. Vel tristique condimentum at pellentesque, commodo nulla sagittis rhoncus lorem. Viverra maecenas tellus pretium urna mauris proin, vel libero morbi, ante volutpat vestibulum augue. Itaque leo mauris turpis, vivamus nisl congue nisl nulla in turpis, eget vitae accumsan dolor ipsum leo venenatis, feugiat vehicula in risus, donec eu pede vivamus itaque nam. Justo amet vitae pellentesque sed, posuere fusce sapien, sed nam placerat libero sed etiam curabitur, suspendisse justo, amet porttitor.</p> <p>Condimentum eget. Sem elementum a et mauris sem a, velit justo consectetuer in turpis mauris, sit sed elit cum, fusce suspendisse pretium dictum, mattis dui tortor tellus. Volutpat ut ante lorem nec laoreet aliquam, lorem est magna amet, integer mauris purus tellus. Porta enim repellendus aliquam eros. Turpis posuere elementum suscipit wisi lobortis, nec nunc consequat dictum ut unde at, mi lorem amet nunc. Cubilia pede, integer dolor, eget platea felis elit enim rhoncus, integer proin quam in ipsum lorem, diam curabitur netus pretium pellentesque. Donec rutrum ultrices placerat, curabitur maecenas, feugiat pede varius accumsan quam lorem, dui et dictumst asperiores nulla, vivamus urna nam leo libero. Posuere non convallis amet justo parturient, imperdiet consectetuer arcu praesent cursus risus, quis pretium dolor.</p>

提示:注意HTML是相对位置，而主体是绝对位置。这是为了防止主体的背景色更像主体中文本的高亮显示。

这甚至可以扩展到类似于CSS过滤器的东西，但仍然非常不同，通过改变身体的RGBA颜色背景。例如，rgba(0,255,0，.75)将创建一个非常绿色的色调，正如您在代码片段中看到的那样。

HTML { background: url('http://www.earthtimes.org/newsimage/eat-lead-by-example-obesity-expert-tells-parents_139.jpg'); width: 100%; height: 100%; position: relative; } body { width: 100%; min-height: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; margin: 0; background: rgba(0,255,0,.75); } <p>Aliquam venenatis curabitur pellentesque sociosqu quam. Tincidunt id erat vestibulum in, est fermentum ipsum et augue, nascetur etiam. Lorem elit, sed donec, leo vivamus ac id enim faucibus vel. Nullam sit feugiat sed massa consectetuer auctor, nulla et erat lacinia nec, eget ut ante nullam est non in, elit porttitor in in donec eget porttitor. Interdum ultricies sem morbi facilisis nibh erat. Id suspendisse, sed tincidunt fringilla sit, sapien odio vel, at culpa augue sed taciti neque inceptos, massa class non. Vel tristique condimentum at pellentesque, commodo nulla sagittis rhoncus lorem. Viverra maecenas tellus pretium urna mauris proin, vel libero morbi, ante volutpat vestibulum augue. Itaque leo mauris turpis, vivamus nisl congue nisl nulla in turpis, eget vitae accumsan dolor ipsum leo venenatis, feugiat vehicula in risus, donec eu pede vivamus itaque nam. Justo amet vitae pellentesque sed, posuere fusce sapien, sed nam placerat libero sed etiam curabitur, suspendisse justo, amet porttitor.</p> <p>Condimentum eget. Sem elementum a et mauris sem a, velit justo consectetuer in turpis mauris, sit sed elit cum, fusce suspendisse pretium dictum, mattis dui tortor tellus. Volutpat ut ante lorem nec laoreet aliquam, lorem est magna amet, integer mauris purus tellus. Porta enim repellendus aliquam eros. Turpis posuere elementum suscipit wisi lobortis, nec nunc consequat dictum ut unde at, mi lorem amet nunc. Cubilia pede, integer dolor, eget platea felis elit enim rhoncus, integer proin quam in ipsum lorem, diam curabitur netus pretium pellentesque. Donec rutrum ultrices placerat, curabitur maecenas, feugiat pede varius accumsan quam lorem, dui et dictumst asperiores nulla, vivamus urna nam leo libero. Posuere non convallis amet justo parturient, imperdiet consectetuer arcu praesent cursus risus, quis pretium dolor.</p> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, et id, maecenas a convallis, elit facilisi congue augue id ac. Suscipit luctus egestas rutrum, amet tincidunt porttitor ante convallis magna, vivamus amet at turpis, ante lacinia blandit vel metus mauris rutrum. Ipsum nam adipiscing. Est sapien quis sem vestibulum, quis cubilia turpis, suspendisse mattis vehicula enim risus pede, placerat suspendisse dui. Convallis nostrud pede, mollit lobortis, ornare ipsum tempor faucibus tortor, vel pede, porttitor nulla nonummy vestibulum purus. Eros placerat tenetur augue ipsum aliquam, pellentesque congue condimentum sed vitae lectus.</p>

提示:RGBA对应于RedGreenBlueAlpha。因此，浏览器将rgba(0,255,0，.75)解释为{红色:0，绿色:255，蓝色:0,alpha:'75%'}所示的值。

*完整的兼容性表可以在can I Use找到。但是，请注意，你需要点击“显示全部”来查看IE9是否支持它。

齿顶高

因为我已经回答了这个问题，但我还有更多想补充的，我把这一部分命名为附录，并让它添加一些潜在的有用信息。因此，为了进一步推断上面的内容，您可以使用SVG作为背景图像来做一些非常棒的事情。例如，您可以创建一个加载屏幕背景，其中包含一个很酷的网站图标，就像您在下面的base64编码SVG示例中看到的那样。

HTML { background: url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'); width: 100%; height: 100%; position: relative; background-size: cover; } body { width: 100%; min-height: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; margin: 0; background: rgba(255,255,255,.5); } <p>Condimentum eget. Sem elementum a et mauris sem a, velit justo consectetuer in turpis mauris, sit sed elit cum, fusce suspendisse pretium dictum, mattis dui tortor tellus. Volutpat ut ante lorem nec laoreet aliquam, lorem est magna amet, integer mauris purus tellus. Porta enim repellendus aliquam eros. Turpis posuere elementum suscipit wisi lobortis, nec nunc consequat dictum ut unde at, mi lorem amet nunc. Cubilia pede, integer dolor, eget platea felis elit enim rhoncus, integer proin quam in ipsum lorem, diam curabitur netus pretium pellentesque. Donec rutrum ultrices placerat, curabitur maecenas, feugiat pede varius accumsan quam lorem, dui et dictumst asperiores nulla, vivamus urna nam leo libero. Posuere non convallis amet justo parturient, imperdiet consectetuer arcu praesent cursus risus, quis pretium dolor.</p> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, et id, maecenas a convallis, elit facilisi congue augue id ac. Suscipit luctus egestas rutrum, amet tincidunt porttitor ante convallis magna, vivamus amet at turpis, ante lacinia blandit vel metus mauris rutrum. Ipsum nam adipiscing. Est sapien quis sem vestibulum, quis cubilia turpis, suspendisse mattis vehicula enim risus pede, placerat suspendisse dui. Convallis nostrud pede, mollit lobortis, ornare ipsum tempor faucibus tortor, vel pede, porttitor nulla nonummy vestibulum purus. Eros placerat tenetur augue ipsum aliquam, pellentesque congue condimentum sed vitae lectus.</p> <p>Aliquam venenatis curabitur pellentesque sociosqu quam. Tincidunt id erat vestibulum in, est fermentum ipsum et augue, nascetur etiam. Lorem elit, sed donec, leo vivamus ac id enim faucibus vel. Nullam sit feugiat sed massa consectetuer auctor, nulla et erat lacinia nec, eget ut ante nullam est non in, elit porttitor in in donec eget porttitor. Interdum ultricies sem morbi facilisis nibh erat. Id suspendisse, sed tincidunt fringilla sit, sapien odio vel, at culpa augue sed taciti neque inceptos, massa class non. Vel tristique condimentum at pellentesque, commodo nulla sagittis rhoncus lorem. Viverra maecenas tellus pretium urna mauris proin, vel libero morbi, ante volutpat vestibulum augue. Itaque leo mauris turpis, vivamus nisl congue nisl nulla in turpis, eget vitae accumsan dolor ipsum leo venenatis, feugiat vehicula in risus, donec eu pede vivamus itaque nam. Justo amet vitae pellentesque sed, posuere fusce sapien, sed nam placerat libero sed etiam curabitur, suspendisse justo, amet porttitor.</p>

提示:background-size: cover CSS使背景中的SVG徽标大小调整为HTML元素的大小。

你可以使用CSS的psuedo选择器::after来实现这一点。这里是一个工作演示。

.bg-container{ width: 100%; height: 300px; border: 1px solid #000; position: relative; } .bg-container .content{ position: absolute; z-index:999; text-align: center; width: 100%; } .bg-container::after{ content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index:-99; background-image: url(https://i.stack.imgur.com/Hp53k.jpg); background-size: cover; opacity: 0.4; } <div class="bg-container"> <div class="content"> <h1>Background Opacity 0.4</h1> </div> </div>

我也遇到过类似的问题。我有一张图片，想要降低透明度，并在图片后面设置一个黑色背景。而不是减少不透明度或创建黑色背景或任何二级div，我设置了一个线性渐变的图像在一行:

背景:0、0、0、0、8)0%、rgba(0、0、0、0、0、0、0、0、0、0、0。

尝试添加不透明度和背景图像的背景线性渐变。 在这个例子中，我使用了白色背景线性渐变。但你可以使用任何rgba颜色

background: linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.5), rgba(255,255,255,.5)), url("https://kusalthiwanka.github.io/images/kusal.jpg");