在我写这篇文章的时候，没有一个扩展是完全兼容Swift 4.2的，所以这里有一个涵盖了我能想到的所有需求:

extension String {
    func substring(from: Int?, to: Int?) -> String {
        if let start = from {
            guard start < self.count else {
                return ""
            }
        }

        if let end = to {
            guard end >= 0 else {
                return ""
            }
        }

        if let start = from, let end = to {
            guard end - start >= 0 else {
                return ""
            }
        }

        let startIndex: String.Index
        if let start = from, start >= 0 {
            startIndex = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: start)
        } else {
            startIndex = self.startIndex
        }

        let endIndex: String.Index
        if let end = to, end >= 0, end < self.count {
            endIndex = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: end + 1)
        } else {
            endIndex = self.endIndex
        }

        return String(self[startIndex ..< endIndex])
    }

    func substring(from: Int) -> String {
        return self.substring(from: from, to: nil)
    }

    func substring(to: Int) -> String {
        return self.substring(from: nil, to: to)
    }

    func substring(from: Int?, length: Int) -> String {
        guard length > 0 else {
            return ""
        }

        let end: Int
        if let start = from, start > 0 {
            end = start + length - 1
        } else {
            end = length - 1
        }

        return self.substring(from: from, to: end)
    }

    func substring(length: Int, to: Int?) -> String {
        guard let end = to, end > 0, length > 0 else {
            return ""
        }

        let start: Int
        if let end = to, end - length > 0 {
            start = end - length + 1
        } else {
            start = 0
        }

        return self.substring(from: start, to: to)
    }
}

然后，你可以使用:

let string = "Hello,World!"

字符串。substring(from: 1, to: 7)得到你:ello,Wo

字符串。substring(to: 7)得到你:Hello,Wo

字符串。substring(from: 3)得到你:lo,World!

字符串。子字符串(从:1，长度:4)得到你:ello

字符串。substring(长度:4，到:7)得到你:o,Wo

更新的子字符串(from: Int?， length: Int)支持从零开始。

斯威夫特2.0

简单:

let myString = "full text container"
let substring = myString[myString.startIndex..<myString.startIndex.advancedBy(3)] // prints: ful

斯威夫特3.0

let substring = myString[myString.startIndex..<myString.index(myString.startIndex, offsetBy: 3)] // prints: ful

斯威夫特4.0

子字符串操作返回Substring类型的实例，而不是String。

let substring = myString[myString.startIndex..<myString.index(myString.startIndex, offsetBy: 3)] // prints: ful

// Convert the result to a String for long-term storage.
let newString = String(substring)

由于String是NSString的桥接类型，“旧的”方法应该可以工作，但不清楚如何工作-例如，这也不起作用(似乎不是有效的语法): let x = str.substringWithRange(NSMakeRange(0,3))

对我来说，这是你问题中真正有趣的部分。String被桥接到NSString，所以大多数NSString方法直接作用于String。你可以自由地使用它们，不需要思考。例如，这正如你所期望的那样:

// delete all spaces from Swift String stateName
stateName = stateName.stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString(" ", withString:"")

But, as so often happens, "I got my mojo workin' but it just don't work on you." You just happened to pick one of the rare cases where a parallel identically named Swift method exists, and in a case like that, the Swift method overshadows the Objective-C method. Thus, when you say str.substringWithRange, Swift thinks you mean the Swift method rather than the NSString method — and then you are hosed, because the Swift method expects a Range<String.Index>, and you don't know how to make one of those.

最简单的办法就是阻止霉霉这样做，明确地说:

let x = (str as NSString).substringWithRange(NSMakeRange(0, 3))

注意，这里没有涉及到重大的额外工作。“转换”并不意味着“转换”;String实际上是一个NSString。我们只是告诉Swift为了这一行代码的目的如何看待这个变量。

整个事情中真正奇怪的部分是导致所有这些麻烦的Swift方法是没有记录的。我不知道它的定义是什么;它不在NSString头文件中也不在Swift头文件中。

一旦找到正确的语法，它比这里的任何答案都要简单得多。

我想把[和]

let myString = "[ABCDEFGHI]"
let startIndex = advance(myString.startIndex, 1) //advance as much as you like
let endIndex = advance(myString.endIndex, -1)
let range = startIndex..<endIndex
let myNewString = myString.substringWithRange( range )

结果是"ABCDEFGHI" startIndex和endIndex也可以用在

let mySubString = myString.substringFromIndex(startIndex)

等等!

PS:正如注释中所指出的，在xcode 7和iOS9附带的swift 2中有一些语法变化!

请看这一页

为Xcode 7更新。添加字符串扩展名:

Use:

var chuck: String = "Hello Chuck Norris"
chuck[6...11] // => Chuck

实现:

extension String {

    /**
     Subscript to allow for quick String substrings ["Hello"][0...1] = "He"
     */
    subscript (r: Range<Int>) -> String {
        get {
            let start = self.startIndex.advancedBy(r.startIndex)
            let end = self.startIndex.advancedBy(r.endIndex - 1)
            return self.substringWithRange(start..<end)
        }
    }

}

在Swift3

例如:变量“Duke James Thomas”，我们需要得到“James”。

let name = "Duke James Thomas"
let range: Range<String.Index> = name.range(of:"James")!
let lastrange: Range<String.Index> = img.range(of:"Thomas")!
var middlename = name[range.lowerBound..<lstrange.lowerBound]
print (middlename)