在简而言之

nodeport:监听nodeip:nodeport上所有工作节点上的外部请求，并将请求转发到port。

ClusterIP:请求来自入口，指向服务名称和端口。

port:容器的内部集群服务端口，监听来自节点端口的传入请求并转发到targetPort。

targetPort:从端口接收请求并转发到它正在侦听的容器吊舱(端口)。即使不指定，默认情况下也会分配与port相同的端口号。

所以流量流入——>服务——>端点(基本上有POD IP)——>POD

服务是一种抽象，用于将流量重定向到底层pod。 因此:

端口:80——>标识服务正在侦听的端口 targetPort: 8080——>标识部署底层pod的目标端口

对my_service:80的调用将把流量重定向到8080上的底层pod(根据给定的示例)。

@Manikanta P上面给出的答案是正确的。然而，“Port”的解释初读时可能有点不清楚。我将用一个例子来解释:

考虑一个web应用程序，它的静态内容(首页，图像等)由httpd托管，而动态内容(例如。响应请求等)由tomcat托管。Webserver(或静态内容)由httpd在80端口提供，而Appserver(或动态内容)由tomcat在8080端口提供。

开发者想要的:用户应该能够从外部访问web服务器，但不能从外部访问应用服务器。

解决方案:服务中的web服务器的服务类型。yml将是NodePort，而Appserver的service-type在其服务中。yml将是ClusterIP。

webserver的service.yml代码:

spec:
  selector:
    app: Webserver
  type: NodePort        // written to make this service accessible from outside.
  ports:
    - nodePort: 30475   // To access from outside, type <host_IP>:30475 in browser.
      port: 5050        // (ignore for now, I will explain below).
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 80  // port where httpd runs inside the webserver pod.

Appserver的service.yml代码

spec:
  selector:
    app: appserver
  type: ClusterIP        // written to make this service NOT accessible from outside.
  ports:
    - port: 5050         // port to access this container internally
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 8080   // port where tomcat runs inside the appserver pod.

还要注意，在Webserver的httpd.conf文件中，我们将写入将用户请求重定向到应用服务器的IP。这个IP将是:host_IP:5050。

What exactly is happening here? A user writes hostIP:30475 and sees the Webserver's page. This is because it is being served by httpd at port 80 (targetport). When a user clicks a button, a request is made. This request is redirected to the Appserver because in httpd.conf file, the port 5050 is mentioned and this is the port where Appserver's container and Webserver's conatainer communicate internally. When the appserver receives the request, it is able to serve the request because of tomcat running inside it at port 8080.

目标器端口说明

# pod file
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata: 
  name: pod_name
  labels: 
     name: pod_ref
spec: 
  containers:
  - name: docker-container
    image: python:3:11
    ports: 
    - containerPort: 5000 # this is the target port which we need to access (target) from service file

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata: 
   name: service_config
   labels: 
     name: service_config_ref
spec:
   type: NodePort
   selector:
     name: pod_ref  # same as pod metadata match labels 
     ports:
      - targetPort: 5000 # this is where the pod is listening 
        port: 80 # this is where this service (this file) is going to listen. 
                 # If you call the port 80, it will reach the service, then the service will forward the port to port:5000

如果容器监听端口9376，那么 发送:9376

如果服务在端口80上侦听，则 端口:80

然后服务端口配置如下所示

ports:
 - protocol: TCP
   port: 80
   targetPort: 9376

最后，请求接收到服务的端口，并在pod的targetPort上转发。

NodePort =将kubernetes服务对外公开到internet Port =将在集群中公开kubernetes服务，这样多个不同pod之间的通信就可以发生，并将请求重定向到TargetPort(因为不可能在同一个端口上运行多个pod, K8S引入了Port来处理可重用性) TargetPort =容器正在运行的实际端口

作为在docker-compose中指定的参考

ports:
  - 8080:80

从上面你可以比较8080是主机端口代表端口，80是目标端口