很多答案都忽略了一点(至少在Windows中)，如果ping命令收到“目标主机不可达”的回复，它将返回0(表示成功)。

下面是我的代码，它检查b' ttl ='是否在响应中，因为它只在ping到达主机时才出现。注意:此代码的大部分是基于这里的其他答案。

import platform
import subprocess

def ping(ipAddr, timeout=100):
    '''
    Send a ping packet to the specified host, using the system ping command.
    Accepts ipAddr as string for the ping destination.
    Accepts timeout in ms for the ping timeout.
    Returns True if ping succeeds otherwise Returns False.
        Ping succeeds if it returns 0 and the output includes b'TTL='
    '''
    if platform.system().lower() == 'windows':
        numFlag = '-n'
    else:
        numFlag = '-c'
    completedPing = subprocess.run(['ping', numFlag, '1', '-w', str(timeout), ipAddr],
                                   stdout=subprocess.PIPE,    # Capture standard out
                                   stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)  # Capture standard error
    # print(completedPing.stdout)
    return (completedPing.returncode == 0) and (b'TTL=' in completedPing.stdout)

print(ping('google.com'))

注意:这将捕获输出而不是打印输出，因此如果您希望看到ping的输出，则需要打印completedPing。返回前的Stdout。

对于python3，有一个非常简单方便的python模块ping3:(pip安装ping3，需要root权限)。

from ping3 import ping, verbose_ping
ping('example.com')  # Returns delay in seconds.
>>> 0.215697261510079666

这个模块还允许自定义一些参数。

在linux上，可以创建ICMP数据报(不是原始)套接字，而不需要root(或setuid或CAP_NET_RAW): https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/592914。最后我得到了

$ id
uid=1000(raylu) gid=1000(raylu) [...]
$ sudo sysctl net.ipv4.ping_group_range='1000 1000'

import socket
import struct
import time

def main():
    ping('192.168.1.10')

def ping(destination):
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.getprotobyname('icmp'))
    sock.settimeout(10.0)
    start_time = time.time_ns() # python 3.7+ only

    payload = struct.pack('L', start_time)
    sock.sendto(encode(payload), (destination, 0))
    while (time.time_ns() - start_time) // 1_000_000_000 < 10:
        try:
            data, source = sock.recvfrom(256)
        except socket.timeout:
            print('timed out')
            return
        message_type, message_code, check, identifier, sequence_number = struct.unpack('bbHHh', data[:8])
        if source == (destination, 0) and message_type == ICMP.ECHO_REPLY and data[8:] == payload:
            print((time.time_ns() - start_time) // 1_000_000, 'ms')
            break
        else:
            print('got unexpected packet from %s:' % source[0], message_type, data[8:])
    else:
        print('timed out')

def encode(payload: bytes):
    # calculate checksum with check set to 0
    checksum = calc_checksum(icmp_header(ICMP.ECHO_REQUEST, 0, 0, 1, 1) + payload)
    # craft the packet again with the checksum set
    return icmp_header(ICMP.ECHO_REQUEST, 0, checksum, 1, 1) + payload

def icmp_header(message_type, message_code, check, identifier, sequence_number) -> bytes:
    return struct.pack('bbHHh', message_type, message_code, check, identifier, sequence_number)

def calc_checksum(data: bytes) -> int:
    '''RFC 1071'''
    # code stolen from https://github.com/alessandromaggio/pythonping/blob/a59ce65a/pythonping/icmp.py#L8
    '''
    MIT License

    Copyright (c) 2018 Alessandro Maggio

    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
    copies or substantial portions of the Software.

    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
    SOFTWARE.
    '''
    subtotal = 0
    for i in range(0, len(data)-1, 2):
        subtotal += (data[i] << 8) + data[i+1]
    if len(data) % 2:
        subtotal += (data[len(data)-1] << 8)
    while subtotal >> 16:
        subtotal = (subtotal & 0xFFFF) + (subtotal >> 16)
    check = ~subtotal
    return ((check << 8) & 0xFF00) | ((check >> 8) & 0x00FF)

class ICMP:
    ECHO_REPLY = 0
    ECHO_REQUEST = 8

虽然这里其他答案建议的许多软件包也可以工作

确保安装了pyping或安装它

#!/usr/bin/python
import pyping

response = pyping.ping('Your IP')

if response.ret_code == 0:
    print("reachable")
else:
    print("unreachable")

WINDOWS ONLY -不敢相信没有人破解Win32_PingStatus 使用一个简单的WMI查询，我们可以免费返回一个包含非常详细信息的对象

import wmi


# new WMI object
c = wmi.WMI()

# here is where the ping actually is triggered
x = c.Win32_PingStatus(Address='google.com')

# how big is this thing? - 1 element
print 'length x: ' ,len(x)


#lets look at the object 'WMI Object:\n'
print x


#print out the whole returned object
# only x[0] element has values in it
print '\nPrint Whole Object - can directly reference the field names:\n'
for i in x:
    print i



#just a single field in the object - Method 1
print 'Method 1 ( i is actually x[0] ) :'
for i in x:
    print 'Response:\t', i.ResponseTime, 'ms'
    print 'TTL:\t', i.TimeToLive


#or better yet directly access the field you want
print '\npinged ', x[0].ProtocolAddress, ' and got reply in ', x[0].ResponseTime, 'ms'

样例输出

编程ICMP ping很复杂，因为发送原始ICMP包需要更高的权限，而且调用ping二进制很难看。对于服务器监控，您可以使用TCP ping技术实现相同的结果:

# pip3 install tcping
>>> from tcping import Ping
# Ping(host, port, timeout)
>>> ping = Ping('212.69.63.54', 22, 60)
>>> ping.ping(3)
Connected to 212.69.63.54[:22]: seq=1 time=23.71 ms
Connected to 212.69.63.54[:22]: seq=2 time=24.38 ms
Connected to 212.69.63.54[:22]: seq=3 time=24.00 ms

在内部，这只是建立一个到目标服务器的TCP连接，并立即丢弃它，测量所消耗的时间。这个特殊的实现有点局限，因为它不能处理封闭的端口，但对于您自己的服务器来说，它工作得很好。