如果您不想让客户端缓存文件，这个解决方案似乎是最快实现的。如果你在footer.php中加载文件，用time()调整部分:

<script src="<?php echo get_template_directory_uri(); ?>/js/main.js?v=<?= time() ?>"></script>

如果使用jQuery，有一个叫做缓存的选项，它会附加一个随机数。

我知道这不是一个完整的答案，但它可能会节省你一些时间。

另一个关于ASP的建议。网的网站,

Set different cache-control:max-age values, for different static files. For CSS and JavaScript files, the chances of modifying these files on server is high, so set a minimal cache-control:max-age value of 1 or 2 minutes or something that meets your need. For images, set a far date as the cache-control:max-age value, say 360 days. By doing so, when we make the first request, all static contents are downloaded to client machine with a 200-OK response. On subsequent requests and after two minutes, we see 304-Not Modified requests on CSS and JavaScript files which avoids us from CSS and JavaScript versioning. Image files will not be requested as they will be used from cached memory till the cache expires. By using the below web.config configurations, we can achieve the above described behavior, <system.webServer> <modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true"/> <staticContent> <clientCache cacheControlMode="UseMaxAge" cacheControlMaxAge="00.00:01:00"/> </staticContent> <httpProtocol> <customHeaders> <add name="ETAG" value=""/> </customHeaders> </httpProtocol> </system.webServer> <location path="Images"> <system.webServer> <staticContent> <clientCache cacheControlMode="UseMaxAge" cacheControlMaxAge="180.00:00:00" /> </staticContent> </system.webServer> </location>

感谢Kip的完美解决方案!

我对它进行了扩展，将其用作Zend_view_Helper。因为我的客户端在虚拟主机上运行他的页面，我也为此扩展了它。

/**
 * Extend filepath with timestamp to force browser to
 * automatically refresh them if they are updated
 *
 * This is based on Kip's version, but now
 * also works on virtual hosts
 * @link http://stackoverflow.com/questions/118884/what-is-an-elegant-way-to-force-browsers-to-reload-cached-css-js-files
 *
 * Usage:
 * - extend your .htaccess file with
 * # Route for My_View_Helper_AutoRefreshRewriter
 * # which extends files with there timestamp so if these
 * # are updated a automatic refresh should occur
 * # RewriteRule ^(.*)\.[^.][\d]+\.(css|js)$ $1.$2 [L]
 * - then use it in your view script like
 * $this->headLink()->appendStylesheet( $this->autoRefreshRewriter($this->cssPath . 'default.css'));
 *
 */
class My_View_Helper_AutoRefreshRewriter extends Zend_View_Helper_Abstract {

    public function autoRefreshRewriter($filePath) {

        if (strpos($filePath, '/') !== 0) {

            // Path has no leading '/'
            return $filePath;
        } elseif (file_exists($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . $filePath)) {

            // File exists under normal path
            // so build path based on this
            $mtime = filemtime($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . $filePath);
            return preg_replace('{\\.([^./]+)$}', ".$mtime.\$1", $filePath);
        } else {

            // Fetch directory of index.php file (file from all others are included)
            // and get only the directory
            $indexFilePath = dirname(current(get_included_files()));

            // Check if file exist relativ to index file
            if (file_exists($indexFilePath . $filePath)) {

                // Get timestamp based on this relativ path
                $mtime = filemtime($indexFilePath . $filePath);

                // Write generated timestamp to path
                // but use old path not the relativ one
                return preg_replace('{\\.([^./]+)$}', ".$mtime.\$1", $filePath);
            } else {
                return $filePath;
            }
        }
    }
}

对于Java Servlet环境，可以查看Jawr库。功能页面解释了它是如何处理缓存的:

Jawr will try its best to force your clients to cache the resources. If a browser asks if a file changed, a 304 (not modified) header is sent back with no content. On the other hand, with Jawr you will be 100% sure that new versions of your bundles are downloaded by all clients. Every URL to your resources will include an automatically generated, content-based prefix that changes automatically whenever a resource is updated. Once you deploy a new version, the URL to the bundle will change as well so it will be impossible that a client uses an older, cached version.

该库还可以简化JavaScript和CSS，但如果不需要，可以将其关闭。

我最近用Python解决了这个问题。下面是代码(它应该很容易被其他语言采用):

def import_tag(pattern, name, **kw):
    if name[0] == "/":
        name = name[1:]
    # Additional HTML attributes
    attrs = ' '.join(['%s="%s"' % item for item in kw.items()])
    try:
        # Get the files modification time
        mtime = os.stat(os.path.join('/documentroot', name)).st_mtime
        include = "%s?%d" % (name, mtime)
        # This is the same as sprintf(pattern, attrs, include) in other
        # languages
        return pattern % (attrs, include)
    except:
        # In case of error return the include without the added query
        # parameter.
        return pattern % (attrs, name)

def script(name, **kw):
    return import_tag('<script %s src="/%s"></script>', name, **kw)

def stylesheet(name, **kw):
    return import_tag('<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" %s href="/%s">', name, **kw)

这段代码基本上是将文件时间戳作为查询参数附加到URL。下面函数的调用

script("/main.css")

会导致

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"  href="/main.css?1221842734">

当然，这样做的好处是您不必再次更改HTML内容，因为更改CSS文件将自动触发缓存失效。它工作得很好，开销也不明显。