我注意到一些浏览器(特别是Firefox和Opera)非常热衷于使用.css和.js文件的缓存副本,甚至在浏览器会话之间。当您更新其中一个文件时,这会导致一个问题,但用户的浏览器会继续使用缓存的副本。
当文件发生更改时,强迫用户浏览器重新加载文件的最优雅的方法是什么?
理想情况下,该解决方案不会强制浏览器在每次访问页面时重新加载文件。
我发现John Millikin和da5id的建议很有用。这有一个专门的术语:自动版本控制。
我在下面发布了一个新的答案,这是我最初的解决方案和约翰的建议的结合。
SCdF建议的另一个想法是将伪查询字符串附加到文件中。(一些自动使用时间戳作为伪查询字符串的Python代码是由pi..提交的)
然而,关于浏览器是否缓存带有查询字符串的文件还存在一些讨论。(请记住,我们希望浏览器缓存该文件并在以后的访问中使用它。我们只希望它在文件更改时再次获取该文件。)
ASP。NET我建议以下解决方案与高级选项(调试/发布模式,版本):
以这种方式包含JavaScript或CSS文件:
<script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/exampleScript<%=Global.JsPostfix%>" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Css/exampleCss<%=Global.CssPostfix%>" />
全球。JsPostfix和Global。在Global.asax中,CssPostfix的计算方法如下:
protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
...
string jsVersion = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["JsVersion"];
bool updateEveryAppStart = Convert.ToBoolean(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["UpdateJsEveryAppStart"]);
int buildNumber = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Version.Revision;
JsPostfix = "";
#if !DEBUG
JsPostfix += ".min";
#endif
JsPostfix += ".js?" + jsVersion + "_" + buildNumber;
if (updateEveryAppStart)
{
Random rand = new Random();
JsPosfix += "_" + rand.Next();
}
...
}
对于Java Servlet环境,可以查看Jawr库。功能页面解释了它是如何处理缓存的:
Jawr will try its best to force your clients to cache the resources. If a browser asks if a file changed, a 304 (not modified) header is sent back with no content. On the other hand, with Jawr you will be 100% sure that new versions of your bundles are downloaded by all clients. Every URL to your resources will include an automatically generated, content-based prefix that changes automatically whenever a resource is updated. Once you deploy a new version, the URL to the bundle will change as well so it will be impossible that a client uses an older, cached version.
该库还可以简化JavaScript和CSS,但如果不需要,可以将其关闭。
我发现在资源URL中使用基于时间戳或哈希的区分器的方法存在一个问题,该方法在服务器请求时被剥离。包含样式表链接的页面也会被缓存。因此,缓存的页面可能会请求较旧版本的样式表,但它将得到最新版本,这可能与请求页面不兼容,也可能与请求页面不兼容。
To fix this, you either have to guard the requesting page with a no-cache header or meta, to make sure it gets refreshed on every load. Or you have to maintain all versions of the style file that you ever deployed on the server, each as an individual file and with their differentiator intact so that the requesting page can get at the version of the style file it was designed for. In the latter case, you basically tie the versions of the HTML page and the style sheet together, which can be done statically and doesn't require any server logic.