要删除合并的分支，gitdelete合并的分支比shell黑客更健壮、更方便。它还检测重基合并和挤压合并。它的自述文件有更多细节。

使用Git版本2.5.0：

git branch -d `git branch --merged`

基于这些答案，我也制作了自己的Bash脚本来实现这一点！

它使用gitbranch--merged和gitbranch-d删除已合并的分支，并在删除之前提示您输入每个分支。

merged_branches () {
    local current_branch=$(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)
    for branch in $(git branch --merged | cut -c3-)
      do
        echo "Branch $branch is already merged into $current_branch."
        echo "Would you like to delete it? [Y]es/[N]o "
        read REPLY
        if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy] ]]; then
            git branch -d $branch
        fi
    done
}

要删除合并的分支，gitdelete合并的分支比shell黑客更健壮、更方便。它还检测重基合并和挤压合并。它的自述文件有更多细节。

我的Bash脚本贡献大致基于mmrobin的答案。

它需要一些有用的参数来指定include和exclude，或者只检查/删除本地或远程分支，而不是两者。

#!/bin/bash

# exclude branches regex, configure as "(branch1|branch2|etc)$"
excludes_default="(master|next|ag/doc-updates)$"
excludes="__NOTHING__"
includes=
merged="--merged"
local=1
remote=1

while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
  case "$1" in
  -i) shift; includes="$includes $1" ;;
  -e) shift; excludes="$1" ;;
  --no-local) local=0 ;;
  --no-remote) remote=0 ;;
  --all) merged= ;;
  *) echo "Unknown argument $1"; exit 1 ;;
  esac
  shift   # next option
done

if [ "$includes" == "" ]; then
  includes=".*"
else
  includes="($(echo $includes | sed -e 's/ /|/g'))"
fi

current_branch=$(git branch --no-color 2> /dev/null | sed -e '/^[^*]/d' -e 's/* \(.*\)/\1/')
if [ "$current_branch" != "master" ]; then
  echo "WARNING: You are on branch $current_branch, NOT master."
fi
echo -e "Fetching branches...\n"

git remote update --prune
remote_branches=$(git branch -r $merged | grep -v "/$current_branch$" | grep -v -E "$excludes" | grep -v -E "$excludes_default" | grep -E "$includes")
local_branches=$(git branch $merged | grep -v "$current_branch$" | grep -v -E "$excludes" | grep -v -E "$excludes_default" | grep -E "$includes")
if [ -z "$remote_branches" ] && [ -z "$local_branches" ]; then
  echo "No existing branches have been merged into $current_branch."
else
  echo "This will remove the following branches:"
  if [ "$remote" == 1 -a -n "$remote_branches" ]; then
    echo "$remote_branches"
  fi
  if [ "$local" == 1 -a -n "$local_branches" ]; then
    echo "$local_branches"
  fi
  read -p "Continue? (y/n): " -n 1 choice
  echo
  if [ "$choice" == "y" ] || [ "$choice" == "Y" ]; then
    if [ "$remote" == 1 ]; then
      remotes=$(git remote)
      # Remove remote branches
      for remote in $remotes
      do
        branches=$(echo "$remote_branches" | grep "$remote/" | sed "s/$remote\/\(.*\)/:\1 /g" | tr -d '\n')
        git push $remote $branches
      done
    fi

    if [ "$local" == 1 ]; then
      # Remove local branches
      locals=$(echo "$local_branches" | sed 's/origin\///g' | tr -d '\n')
      if [ -z "$locals" ]; then
        echo "No branches removed."
      else
        git branch -d $(echo "$locals" | tr -d '\n')
      fi
    fi
  fi
fi

要删除远程上已合并的所有分支，请执行以下操作：

git branch -r --merged | grep -v master | sed 's/origin\//:/' | xargs -n 1 git push origin

在Git的最新版本中

git branch -r --merged | grep -v master | sed 's/origin\///' | xargs -n 1 git push --delete origin

UPDATE（通过@oliver；因为不适合注释，但已经有足够的答案了）：如果您在分支ABC上，那么ABC将出现在git branch-r--merged的结果中，因为未指定分支，所以分支默认为当前分支，分支始终符合自身合并的条件（因为分支和自身之间没有区别！）。

因此，指定分支：

git branch -r --merged master | grep -v master ...

OR第一个结账主机：

git checkout master | git branch -r --merged | grep -v ...