You are probably not going to like this - all I can say in its favour is that it works for me, and I have similar but not identical requirements: I am writing a compiler/transpiler for a 1970's Algol-like language which uses C as it's output and then compiles the C so that as far as the user is concerned, they're generally not aware of C being involved, so although you might call it a transpiler, it's effectively a compiler that uses C as it's intermediate code. The language being compiled has a history of providing good diagnostics and a full backtrace in the original native compilers. I've been able to find gcc compiler flags and libraries etc that allow me to trap most of the runtime errors that the original compilers did (although with one glaring exception - unassigned variable trapping). When a runtime error occurs (eg arithmetic overflow, divide by zero, array index out of bounds, etc) the original compilers output a backtrace to the console listing all variables in the stack frames of every active procedure call. I struggled to get this effect in C, but eventually did so with what can only be described as a hack... When the program is invoked, the wrapper that supplies the C "main" looks at its argv, and if a special option is not present, it restarts itself under gdb with an altered argv containing both gdb options and the 'magic' option string for the program itself. This restarted version then hides those strings from the user's code by restoring the original arguments before calling the main block of the code written in our language. When an error occurs (as long as it is not one explicitly trapped within the program by user code), it exits to gdb which prints the required backtrace.

启动序列中的关键代码行包括:

  if ((argc >= 1) && (strcmp(origargv[argc-1], "--restarting-under-gdb")) != 0) {
    // initial invocation
    // the "--restarting-under-gdb" option is how the copy running under gdb knows
    // not to start another gdb process.

and

  char *gdb [] = {
    "/usr/bin/gdb", "-q", "-batch", "-nx", "-nh", "-return-child-result",
    "-ex", "run",
    "-ex", "bt full",
    "--args"
  };

The original arguments are appended to the gdb options above. That should be enough of a hint for you to do something similar for your own system. I did look at other library-supported backtrace options (eg libbacktrace, https://codingrelic.geekhold.com/2010/09/gcc-function-instrumentation.html, etc) but they only output the procedure call stack, not the local variables. However if anyone knows of any cleaner mechanism to get a similar effect, do please let us know. The main downside to this is that the variables are printed in C syntax, not the syntax of the language the user writes in. And (until I add suitable #line directives on every generated line of C :-() the backtrace lists the C source file and line numbers.

G PS我使用的gcc编译选项是:

 GCCOPTS=" -Wall -Wno-return-type -Wno-comment -g -fsanitize=undefined
 -fsanitize-undefined-trap-on-error -fno-sanitize-recover=all -frecord-gcc-switches
 -fsanitize=float-divide-by-zero -fsanitize=float-cast-overflow -ftrapv
 -grecord-gcc-switches -O0 -ggdb3 "

在Linux/unix/MacOSX上使用核心文件(您可以通过ulimit或兼容的系统调用启用它们)。在Windows上使用Microsoft错误报告(您可以成为合作伙伴并访问您的应用程序崩溃数据)。

感谢calorticgeek让我注意到addr2line实用程序。

我写了一个快速和肮脏的脚本来处理这里提供的答案的输出: (非常感谢jschmier!)使用addr2line实用程序。

脚本只接受一个参数:包含jschmier实用程序输出的文件名。

对于跟踪的每一层，输出应该打印如下内容:

BACKTRACE:  testExe 0x8A5db6b
FILE:       pathToFile/testExe.C:110
FUNCTION:   testFunction(int) 
   107  
   108           
   109           int* i = 0x0;
  *110           *i = 5;
   111      
   112        }
   113        return i;

代码:

#!/bin/bash

LOGFILE=$1

NUM_SRC_CONTEXT_LINES=3

old_IFS=$IFS  # save the field separator           
IFS=$'\n'     # new field separator, the end of line           

for bt in `cat $LOGFILE | grep '\[bt\]'`; do
   IFS=$old_IFS     # restore default field separator 
   printf '\n'
   EXEC=`echo $bt | cut -d' ' -f3 | cut -d'(' -f1`  
   ADDR=`echo $bt | cut -d'[' -f3 | cut -d']' -f1`
   echo "BACKTRACE:  $EXEC $ADDR"
   A2L=`addr2line -a $ADDR -e $EXEC -pfC`
   #echo "A2L:        $A2L"

   FUNCTION=`echo $A2L | sed 's/\<at\>.*//' | cut -d' ' -f2-99`
   FILE_AND_LINE=`echo $A2L | sed 's/.* at //'`
   echo "FILE:       $FILE_AND_LINE"
   echo "FUNCTION:   $FUNCTION"

   # print offending source code
   SRCFILE=`echo $FILE_AND_LINE | cut -d':' -f1`
   LINENUM=`echo $FILE_AND_LINE | cut -d':' -f2`
   if ([ -f $SRCFILE ]); then
      cat -n $SRCFILE | grep -C $NUM_SRC_CONTEXT_LINES "^ *$LINENUM\>" | sed "s/ $LINENUM/*$LINENUM/"
   else
      echo "File not found: $SRCFILE"
   fi
   IFS=$'\n'     # new field separator, the end of line           
done

IFS=$old_IFS     # restore default field separator 

我研究这个问题有一段时间了。

深埋在谷歌性能工具README

http://code.google.com/p/google-perftools/source/browse/trunk/README

谈到libunwind

http://www.nongnu.org/libunwind/

很乐意听听对这个图书馆的意见。

使用-rdynamic的问题是，在某些情况下，它会相对显著地增加二进制文件的大小

You are probably not going to like this - all I can say in its favour is that it works for me, and I have similar but not identical requirements: I am writing a compiler/transpiler for a 1970's Algol-like language which uses C as it's output and then compiles the C so that as far as the user is concerned, they're generally not aware of C being involved, so although you might call it a transpiler, it's effectively a compiler that uses C as it's intermediate code. The language being compiled has a history of providing good diagnostics and a full backtrace in the original native compilers. I've been able to find gcc compiler flags and libraries etc that allow me to trap most of the runtime errors that the original compilers did (although with one glaring exception - unassigned variable trapping). When a runtime error occurs (eg arithmetic overflow, divide by zero, array index out of bounds, etc) the original compilers output a backtrace to the console listing all variables in the stack frames of every active procedure call. I struggled to get this effect in C, but eventually did so with what can only be described as a hack... When the program is invoked, the wrapper that supplies the C "main" looks at its argv, and if a special option is not present, it restarts itself under gdb with an altered argv containing both gdb options and the 'magic' option string for the program itself. This restarted version then hides those strings from the user's code by restoring the original arguments before calling the main block of the code written in our language. When an error occurs (as long as it is not one explicitly trapped within the program by user code), it exits to gdb which prints the required backtrace.

启动序列中的关键代码行包括:

  if ((argc >= 1) && (strcmp(origargv[argc-1], "--restarting-under-gdb")) != 0) {
    // initial invocation
    // the "--restarting-under-gdb" option is how the copy running under gdb knows
    // not to start another gdb process.

and

  char *gdb [] = {
    "/usr/bin/gdb", "-q", "-batch", "-nx", "-nh", "-return-child-result",
    "-ex", "run",
    "-ex", "bt full",
    "--args"
  };

The original arguments are appended to the gdb options above. That should be enough of a hint for you to do something similar for your own system. I did look at other library-supported backtrace options (eg libbacktrace, https://codingrelic.geekhold.com/2010/09/gcc-function-instrumentation.html, etc) but they only output the procedure call stack, not the local variables. However if anyone knows of any cleaner mechanism to get a similar effect, do please let us know. The main downside to this is that the variables are printed in C syntax, not the syntax of the language the user writes in. And (until I add suitable #line directives on every generated line of C :-() the backtrace lists the C source file and line numbers.

G PS我使用的gcc编译选项是:

 GCCOPTS=" -Wall -Wno-return-type -Wno-comment -g -fsanitize=undefined
 -fsanitize-undefined-trap-on-error -fno-sanitize-recover=all -frecord-gcc-switches
 -fsanitize=float-divide-by-zero -fsanitize=float-cast-overflow -ftrapv
 -grecord-gcc-switches -O0 -ggdb3 "

我可以帮助Linux版本:函数backtrace, backtrace_symbols和backtrace_symbols_fd可以使用。请参见相应的手册。