假设a1、b1、c1和d1指向堆内存，我的数字代码具有以下核心循环。
const int n = 100000;
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
a1[j] += b1[j];
c1[j] += d1[j];
}
该循环通过另一个外部for循环执行10000次。为了加快速度，我将代码更改为：
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
a1[j] += b1[j];
}
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
c1[j] += d1[j];
}
在Microsoft Visual C++10.0上编译，经过完全优化，并在Intel Core 2 Duo（x64）上启用了32位SSE2，第一个示例耗时5.5秒，双循环示例仅需1.9秒。
第一个循环的反汇编基本上是这样的（在整个程序中，这个块重复了大约五次）：
movsd xmm0,mmword ptr [edx+18h]
addsd xmm0,mmword ptr [ecx+20h]
movsd mmword ptr [ecx+20h],xmm0
movsd xmm0,mmword ptr [esi+10h]
addsd xmm0,mmword ptr [eax+30h]
movsd mmword ptr [eax+30h],xmm0
movsd xmm0,mmword ptr [edx+20h]
addsd xmm0,mmword ptr [ecx+28h]
movsd mmword ptr [ecx+28h],xmm0
movsd xmm0,mmword ptr [esi+18h]
addsd xmm0,mmword ptr [eax+38h]
双循环示例的每个循环都会生成此代码（以下块重复大约三次）：
addsd xmm0,mmword ptr [eax+28h]
movsd mmword ptr [eax+28h],xmm0
movsd xmm0,mmword ptr [ecx+20h]
addsd xmm0,mmword ptr [eax+30h]
movsd mmword ptr [eax+30h],xmm0
movsd xmm0,mmword ptr [ecx+28h]
addsd xmm0,mmword ptr [eax+38h]
movsd mmword ptr [eax+38h],xmm0
movsd xmm0,mmword ptr [ecx+30h]
addsd xmm0,mmword ptr [eax+40h]
movsd mmword ptr [eax+40h],xmm0
事实证明，这个问题无关紧要，因为行为严重依赖于数组（n）和CPU缓存的大小。因此，如果有进一步的兴趣，我会重新表述这个问题：
您能否深入了解导致不同缓存行为的细节，如下图中的五个区域所示？通过为这些CPU提供类似的图表，指出CPU/缓存架构之间的差异可能也很有趣。
这是完整的代码。它使用TBB Tick_Count进行更高分辨率的计时，可以通过不定义TBB_timing宏来禁用：
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cmath>
#include <string>
//#define TBB_TIMING
#ifdef TBB_TIMING
#include <tbb/tick_count.h>
using tbb::tick_count;
#else
#include <time.h>
#endif
using namespace std;
//#define preallocate_memory new_cont
enum { new_cont, new_sep };
double *a1, *b1, *c1, *d1;
void allo(int cont, int n)
{
switch(cont) {
case new_cont:
a1 = new double[n*4];
b1 = a1 + n;
c1 = b1 + n;
d1 = c1 + n;
break;
case new_sep:
a1 = new double[n];
b1 = new double[n];
c1 = new double[n];
d1 = new double[n];
break;
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
a1[i] = 1.0;
d1[i] = 1.0;
c1[i] = 1.0;
b1[i] = 1.0;
}
}
void ff(int cont)
{
switch(cont){
case new_sep:
delete[] b1;
delete[] c1;
delete[] d1;
case new_cont:
delete[] a1;
}
}
double plain(int n, int m, int cont, int loops)
{
#ifndef preallocate_memory
allo(cont,n);
#endif
#ifdef TBB_TIMING
tick_count t0 = tick_count::now();
#else
clock_t start = clock();
#endif
if (loops == 1) {
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++){
a1[j] += b1[j];
c1[j] += d1[j];
}
}
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
a1[j] += b1[j];
}
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
c1[j] += d1[j];
}
}
}
double ret;
#ifdef TBB_TIMING
tick_count t1 = tick_count::now();
ret = 2.0*double(n)*double(m)/(t1-t0).seconds();
#else
clock_t end = clock();
ret = 2.0*double(n)*double(m)/(double)(end - start) *double(CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
#endif
#ifndef preallocate_memory
ff(cont);
#endif
return ret;
}
void main()
{
freopen("C:\\test.csv", "w", stdout);
char *s = " ";
string na[2] ={"new_cont", "new_sep"};
cout << "n";
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
for (int i = 1; i <= 2; i++)
#ifdef preallocate_memory
cout << s << i << "_loops_" << na[preallocate_memory];
#else
cout << s << i << "_loops_" << na[j];
#endif
cout << endl;
long long nmax = 1000000;
#ifdef preallocate_memory
allo(preallocate_memory, nmax);
#endif
for (long long n = 1L; n < nmax; n = max(n+1, long long(n*1.2)))
{
const long long m = 10000000/n;
cout << n;
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
for (int i = 1; i <= 2; i++)
cout << s << plain(n, m, j, i);
cout << endl;
}
}
它显示了n的不同值的FLOP/s。
