我遇到了同样的问题，但它不适用于Python 3。我遵循了这个方法，解决了我的问题:

enc = sys.getdefaultencoding()
file = open(menu, "r", encoding = enc)

在读取/写入文件时，必须设置编码。

为了在Ubuntu安装的操作系统层面上解决这个问题，请检查以下内容:

$ locale charmap

如果你得到

locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory

而不是

UTF-8

然后像这样设置LC_CTYPE和LC_ALL:

$ export LC_ALL="en_US.UTF-8"
$ export LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"

在某些情况下，当你检查你的默认编码(打印sys.getdefaultencoding())时，它会返回你使用的是ASCII。如果您更改为UTF-8，它将不起作用，这取决于变量的内容。 我找到了另一种方法:

import sys
reload(sys)  
sys.setdefaultencoding('Cp1252')

最后我明白了:

as3:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages# cat sitecustomize.py
# encoding=utf8  
import sys  

reload(sys)  
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')

让我查一下:

as3:~/ngokevin-site# python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Dec  6 2013, 14:49:02)
[GCC 4.4.5] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sys
>>> reload(sys)
<module 'sys' (built-in)>
>>> sys.getdefaultencoding()
'utf8'
>>>

上面显示了python的默认编码是utf8。那么错误就不再存在了。

Encode将unicode对象转换为字符串对象。我认为你正在尝试编码一个字符串对象。首先将结果转换为unicode对象，然后将该unicode对象编码为'utf-8'。 例如

    result = yourFunction()
    result.decode().encode('utf-8')

Got a same error and this solved my error. Thanks! python 2 and python 3 differing in unicode handling is making pickled files quite incompatible to load. So Use python pickle's encoding argument. Link below helped me solve the similar problem when I was trying to open pickled data from my python 3.7, while my file was saved originally in python 2.x version. https://blog.modest-destiny.com/posts/python-2-and-3-compatible-pickle-save-and-load/ I copy the load_pickle function in my script and called the load_pickle(pickle_file) while loading my input_data like this:

input_data = load_pickle("my_dataset.pkl")

load_pickle函数在这里:

def load_pickle(pickle_file):
    try:
        with open(pickle_file, 'rb') as f:
            pickle_data = pickle.load(f)
    except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
        with open(pickle_file, 'rb') as f:
            pickle_data = pickle.load(f, encoding='latin1')
    except Exception as e:
        print('Unable to load data ', pickle_file, ':', e)
        raise
    return pickle_data