例如,您为用户/9运行一个GET请求,但没有id为#9的用户。 哪个是最佳响应码?
200好了 202年接受 204无内容 400错误请求 404未找到
例如,您为用户/9运行一个GET请求,但没有id为#9的用户。 哪个是最佳响应码?
200好了 202年接受 204无内容 400错误请求 404未找到
当前回答
根据RFC7231 -第59页(https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7231#page-59) 404状态码响应的定义是:
6.5.4. 404 Not Found The 404 (Not Found) status code indicates that the origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists. A 404 status code does not indicate whether this lack of representation is temporary or permanent; the 410 (Gone) status code is preferred over 404 if the origin server knows, presumably through some configurable means, that the condition is likely to be permanent. A 404 response is cacheable by default; i.e., unless otherwise indicated by the method definition or explicit cache controls (see Section 4.2.2 of [RFC7234]).
而引起质疑的主要是上述语境中对资源的定义。 根据同一个RFC(7231), resource的定义是:
Resources: The target of an HTTP request is called a "resource". HTTP does not limit the nature of a resource; it merely defines an interface that might be used to interact with resources. Each resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), as described in Section 2.7 of [RFC7230]. When a client constructs an HTTP/1.1 request message, it sends the target URI in one of various forms, as defined in (Section 5.3 of [RFC7230]). When a request is received, the server reconstructs an effective request URI for the target resource (Section 5.5 of [RFC7230]). One design goal of HTTP is to separate resource identification from request semantics, which is made possible by vesting the request semantics in the request method (Section 4) and a few request-modifying header fields (Section 5). If there is a conflict between the method semantics and any semantic implied by the URI itself, as described in Section 4.2.1, the method semantics take precedence.
所以在我的理解中,404状态代码不应该用于成功的GET请求,结果为空。(例如:一个没有特定过滤器结果的列表)
其他回答
这里有两个问题。一个在标题中,一个在例子中。我认为,这在一定程度上导致了关于哪种反应是合适的争议。
问题标题询问空数据。空数据仍然是数据,但不等于没有数据。因此,这意味着请求一个结果集,即一个列表,可能来自/users。如果一个列表是空的,它仍然是一个列表,因此204(无内容)是最合适的。您刚刚请求了一个用户列表,并得到了一个列表,它只是碰巧没有内容。
相反,所提供的示例询问了一个特定的对象,一个用户/users/9。如果没有找到用户#9,则不返回任何用户对象。您请求一个特定的资源(一个用户对象),但由于没有找到而没有得到它,因此404是合适的。
我认为解决这个问题的方法是,如果您可以在不添加任何条件语句的情况下使用响应,那么使用204,否则使用404。
在我的例子中,我可以迭代一个空列表而不检查它是否有内容,但是我不能在一个空对象上显示用户对象数据而不破坏一些东西或添加一个检查来查看它是否为空。
当然,如果适合您的需要,您可以使用空对象模式返回一个对象,但这是另一个线程的讨论。
如果期望资源存在,但它可能是空的,我认为它可能更容易得到一个200 OK的表示,表明这个东西是空的。
因此,我宁愿让/things返回一个带有{"Items":[]}的200 OK,而不是一个没有任何内容的204,因为这样,一个包含0项的集合可以被视为一个包含一个或多个项目的集合。
我将把204 No Content留给put和delete,在这种情况下,可能真的没有有用的表示。
在/thing/9不存在的情况下,404是合适的。
令人难过的是,如此简单和明确的东西在这个帖子中变成了“基于意见的”。
HTTP服务器只知道“实体”,这是对任何内容的抽象,可以是静态网页、搜索结果列表、其他实体列表、某物的json描述、媒体文件等等。
每个这样的实体都应该由一个唯一的URL来识别,例如。
/user/9——一个单独的实体:user ID=9 /users——单个实体:所有用户的LIST /media/x.mp3——一个单独的实体:一个名为x.mp3的媒体文件 /search—单个实体:基于查询参数的动态CONTENT
如果服务器通过给定的URL找到一个资源,那么它的内容是什么并不重要——2G的数据、null、{}、[]——只要它存在,它就会是200。但是如果服务器不知道这个实体,它将返回404“not Found”。
One confusion seems to be from developers who think if the application has a handler for a certain path shape, it should not be an error. In the eyes of the HTTP protocol it does not matter what happened in the internals of the server (ie. whether the default router responded or a handler for a specific path shape), as long as there is no matching entity on the server to the requested URL (that requested MP3 file, webpage, user object etc), which would return valid contents (empty or otherwise), it must be 404 (or 410 etc).
另一个令人困惑的地方似乎是“没有数据”和“没有实体”。前者是关于实体的内容,后者是关于实体的存在。
示例1:
No data: /users返回200 OK,正文:[],因为还没有人注册 没有实体:/users返回404,因为没有路径/users
示例2:
No data: /user/9返回返回200 OK,正文:{},因为用户ID=9从未输入他/她的个人数据 没有实体:/user/9返回404,因为没有用户ID=9
示例3:
No data: /search?name=Joe返回200 OK[],因为DB中没有Joe 没有实体:/search?name=Joe返回404,因为没有路径/搜索
根据RFC7231 -第59页(https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7231#page-59) 404状态码响应的定义是:
6.5.4. 404 Not Found The 404 (Not Found) status code indicates that the origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists. A 404 status code does not indicate whether this lack of representation is temporary or permanent; the 410 (Gone) status code is preferred over 404 if the origin server knows, presumably through some configurable means, that the condition is likely to be permanent. A 404 response is cacheable by default; i.e., unless otherwise indicated by the method definition or explicit cache controls (see Section 4.2.2 of [RFC7234]).
而引起质疑的主要是上述语境中对资源的定义。 根据同一个RFC(7231), resource的定义是:
Resources: The target of an HTTP request is called a "resource". HTTP does not limit the nature of a resource; it merely defines an interface that might be used to interact with resources. Each resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), as described in Section 2.7 of [RFC7230]. When a client constructs an HTTP/1.1 request message, it sends the target URI in one of various forms, as defined in (Section 5.3 of [RFC7230]). When a request is received, the server reconstructs an effective request URI for the target resource (Section 5.5 of [RFC7230]). One design goal of HTTP is to separate resource identification from request semantics, which is made possible by vesting the request semantics in the request method (Section 4) and a few request-modifying header fields (Section 5). If there is a conflict between the method semantics and any semantic implied by the URI itself, as described in Section 4.2.1, the method semantics take precedence.
所以在我的理解中,404状态代码不应该用于成功的GET请求,结果为空。(例如:一个没有特定过滤器结果的列表)
根据微软:控制器动作返回类型在ASP。NET Core web API,向下滚动几乎到底部,你会发现下面关于404的简介,与数据库中没有的对象有关。在这里,他们建议404适用于空数据。