如果您可以使用XML维度，这是非常简单的!

在res/values/ dimensions .xml中:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <dimen name="thumbnail_height">120dp</dimen>
    ...
    ...
</resources>

然后在Java中:

getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.thumbnail_height);

/**
 * This method converts dp unit to equivalent pixels, depending on device density. 
 * 
 * @param dp A value in dp (density independent pixels) unit. Which we need to convert into pixels
 * @param context Context to get resources and device specific display metrics
 * @return A float value to represent px equivalent to dp depending on device density
 */
public static float convertDpToPixel(float dp, Context context){
    return dp * ((float) context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().densityDpi / DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_DEFAULT);
}

/**
 * This method converts device specific pixels to density independent pixels.
 * 
 * @param px A value in px (pixels) unit. Which we need to convert into db
 * @param context Context to get resources and device specific display metrics
 * @return A float value to represent dp equivalent to px value
 */
public static float convertPixelsToDp(float px, Context context){
    return px / ((float) context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().densityDpi / DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_DEFAULT);
}

最好放在Util.java类中

public static float dpFromPx(final Context context, final float px) {
    return px / context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
}

public static float pxFromDp(final Context context, final float dp) {
    return dp * context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
}

最好的答案来自Android框架本身:只要使用这个等式…

public static int dpToPixels(final DisplayMetrics display_metrics, final float dps) {
    final float scale = display_metrics.density;
    return (int) (dps * scale + 0.5f);
}

(将dp转换为px)

上面有很多很棒的解决方案。然而，我发现最好的解决方案是谷歌的设计:

https://design.google.com/devices/

开发者文档提供了如何将dp单位转换为像素单位的答案:

在某些情况下，您需要用dp表示尺寸，然后 把它们转换成像素。dp单位到屏幕像素的转换是 简单: Px = dp * (dpi / 160)

提供了两个代码示例，一个Java示例和一个Kotlin示例。下面是Java示例:

// The gesture threshold expressed in dp
private static final float GESTURE_THRESHOLD_DP = 16.0f;

// Get the screen's density scale
final float scale = getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
// Convert the dps to pixels, based on density scale
mGestureThreshold = (int) (GESTURE_THRESHOLD_DP * scale + 0.5f);

// Use mGestureThreshold as a distance in pixels...

Kotlin的例子:

// The gesture threshold expressed in dp
private const val GESTURE_THRESHOLD_DP = 16.0f
...
private var mGestureThreshold: Int = 0
...
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

    // Get the screen's density scale
    val scale: Float = resources.displayMetrics.density
    // Convert the dps to pixels, based on density scale
    mGestureThreshold = (GESTURE_THRESHOLD_DP * scale + 0.5f).toInt()

    // Use mGestureThreshold as a distance in pixels...
}

我从Java例子中创建的Java方法工作得很好:

/**
 * Convert dp units to pixel units
 * https://developer.android.com/training/multiscreen/screendensities#dips-pels
 *
 * @param dip input size in density independent pixels
 *            https://developer.android.com/training/multiscreen/screendensities#TaskUseDP
 *
 * @return pixels
 */
private int dpToPixels(final float dip) {
    // Get the screen's density scale
    final float scale = this.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
    // Convert the dps to pixels, based on density scale
    final int pix = Math.round(dip * scale + 0.5f);
    
    if (BuildConfig.DEBUG) {
        Log.i(DrawingView.TAG, MessageFormat.format(
                "Converted: {0} dip to {1} pixels",
                dip, pix));
    }
    
    return pix;
}

这个问题的其他几个答案提供了与这个答案类似的代码，但其他答案中没有足够的支持文档，让我知道其他答案中的一个是否正确。公认的答案也不同于这个答案。我认为开发人员文档已经清楚地说明了Java解决方案。

在Compose中也有一个解决方案。Compose中的密度为设备无关像素(dp)和像素之间的转换提供了一行解决方案。

val sizeInPx = with(LocalDensity.current) { 16.dp.toPx() }