对在线模式进行验证

Source xmlFile = new StreamSource(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("your.xml"));
SchemaFactory factory = SchemaFactory.newInstance(XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI);
Schema schema = factory.newSchema(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("your.xsd"));
Validator validator = schema.newValidator();
validator.validate(xmlFile);

对本地模式进行验证

使用Java进行离线XML验证

我只需要对XSD验证一次XML，所以我尝试了XMLFox。我发现这非常令人困惑和奇怪。帮助说明似乎与界面不匹配。

我最终使用了LiquidXML Studio 2008 (v6)，它更容易使用，也更熟悉(UI与我经常使用的Visual Basic 2008 Express非常相似)。缺点:免费版没有验证功能，所以我不得不使用30天的试用期。

下面是如何使用Xerces2来实现这一点。这方面的教程在这里(req。注册)。

原始出处:公然抄袭:

import org.apache.xerces.parsers.DOMParser;
import java.io.File;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;

public class SchemaTest {
  public static void main (String args[]) {
      File docFile = new File("memory.xml");
      try {
        DOMParser parser = new DOMParser();
        parser.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/validation", true);
        parser.setProperty(
             "http://apache.org/xml/properties/schema/external-noNamespaceSchemaLocation", 
             "memory.xsd");
        ErrorChecker errors = new ErrorChecker();
        parser.setErrorHandler(errors);
        parser.parse("memory.xml");
     } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.print("Problem parsing the file.");
     }
  }
}

使用Woodstox，配置StAX解析器以根据您的模式进行验证并解析XML。

如果异常被捕获，则XML无效，否则有效:

// create the XSD schema from your schema file
XMLValidationSchemaFactory schemaFactory = XMLValidationSchemaFactory.newInstance(XMLValidationSchema.SCHEMA_ID_W3C_SCHEMA);
XMLValidationSchema validationSchema = schemaFactory.createSchema(schemaInputStream);

// create the XML reader for your XML file
WstxInputFactory inputFactory = new WstxInputFactory();
XMLStreamReader2 xmlReader = (XMLStreamReader2) inputFactory.createXMLStreamReader(xmlInputStream);

try {
    // configure the reader to validate against the schema
    xmlReader.validateAgainst(validationSchema);

    // parse the XML
    while (xmlReader.hasNext()) {
        xmlReader.next();
    }

    // no exceptions, the XML is valid

} catch (XMLStreamException e) {

    // exceptions, the XML is not valid

} finally {
    xmlReader.close();
}

注意:如果您需要验证多个文件，您应该尝试重用您的XMLInputFactory和XMLValidationSchema，以最大化性能。

对于JAXB，您可以使用下面的代码:

    @Test
public void testCheckXmlIsValidAgainstSchema() {
    logger.info("Validating an XML file against the latest schema...");

    MyValidationEventCollector vec = new MyValidationEventCollector();

    validateXmlAgainstSchema(vec, inputXmlFileName, inputXmlSchemaName, inputXmlRootClass);

    assertThat(vec.getValidationErrors().isEmpty(), is(expectedValidationResult));
}

private void validateXmlAgainstSchema(final MyValidationEventCollector vec, final String xmlFileName, final String xsdSchemaName, final Class<?> rootClass) {
    try (InputStream xmlFileIs = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(xmlFileName);) {
        final JAXBContext jContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(rootClass);
        // Unmarshal the data from InputStream
        final Unmarshaller unmarshaller = jContext.createUnmarshaller();

        final SchemaFactory sf = SchemaFactory.newInstance(XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI);
        final InputStream schemaAsStream = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(xsdSchemaName);
        unmarshaller.setSchema(sf.newSchema(new StreamSource(schemaAsStream)));

        unmarshaller.setEventHandler(vec);

        unmarshaller.unmarshal(new StreamSource(xmlFileIs), rootClass).getValue(); // The Document class is the root object in the XML file you want to validate

        for (String validationError : vec.getValidationErrors()) {
            logger.trace(validationError);
        }
    } catch (final Exception e) {
        logger.error("The validation of the XML file " + xmlFileName + " failed: ", e);
    }
}

class MyValidationEventCollector implements ValidationEventHandler {
    private final List<String> validationErrors;

    public MyValidationEventCollector() {
        validationErrors = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    public List<String> getValidationErrors() {
        return Collections.unmodifiableList(validationErrors);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean handleEvent(final ValidationEvent event) {
        String pattern = "line {0}, column {1}, error message {2}";
        String errorMessage = MessageFormat.format(pattern, event.getLocator().getLineNumber(), event.getLocator().getColumnNumber(),
                event.getMessage());
        if (event.getSeverity() == ValidationEvent.FATAL_ERROR) {
            validationErrors.add(errorMessage);
        }
        return true; // you collect the validation errors in a List and handle them later
    }
}

Java运行时库支持验证。上次我检查的是Apache Xerces解析器。您可能应该使用javax.xml.validation.Validator。

import javax.xml.XMLConstants;
import javax.xml.transform.Source;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
import javax.xml.validation.*;
import java.net.URL;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
//import java.io.File; // if you use File
import java.io.IOException;
...
URL schemaFile = new URL("http://host:port/filename.xsd");
// webapp example xsd: 
// URL schemaFile = new URL("http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd");
// local file example:
// File schemaFile = new File("/location/to/localfile.xsd"); // etc.
Source xmlFile = new StreamSource(new File("web.xml"));
SchemaFactory schemaFactory = SchemaFactory
    .newInstance(XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI);
try {
  Schema schema = schemaFactory.newSchema(schemaFile);
  Validator validator = schema.newValidator();
  validator.validate(xmlFile);
  System.out.println(xmlFile.getSystemId() + " is valid");
} catch (SAXException e) {
  System.out.println(xmlFile.getSystemId() + " is NOT valid reason:" + e);
} catch (IOException e) {}

模式工厂常量是字符串http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema，它定义了xsd。上面的代码针对URL http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd验证WAR部署描述符，但您也可以很容易地针对本地文件进行验证。

您不应该使用DOMParser来验证文档(除非您的目标是创建文档对象模型)。这将在解析文档时开始创建DOM对象——如果你不打算使用它们，这是一种浪费。