没有可靠的方法可以使用一个简单的脚本为所有平台和体系结构做到这一点。如果你想学习如何可靠地完成它，请从博客文章更新的。net框架检测代码样本开始，它可以进行更深入的检查。

大致是这样的:

获取.NET Framework目录中名称匹配的容器的子项 模式vnumber·number。按名称降序排序，取第一个对象， 并返回其name属性。

剧本如下:

(Get-ChildItem -Path $Env:windir\Microsoft.NET\Framework | Where-Object {$_.PSIsContainer -eq $true } | Where-Object {$_.Name -match 'v\d\.\d'} | Sort-Object -Property Name -Descending | Select-Object -First 1).Name

我不熟悉PowerShell语法，但我认为您可以调用System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeEnvironment.GetSystemVersion()。这将以字符串的形式返回版本(我认为类似于v2.0.50727)。

我想在PowerShell中试试这个: 为我工作!

(Get-ItemProperty "HKLM:Software\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP\v4\Full")。版本

我在osx的powershell中通过制表符补全发现了这个:

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeInformation]:: get_FrameworkDescription () .NET Core 4.6.25009.03

如果你要使用注册表，你必须递归才能得到完整版本的4。x框架。前面的答案都返回了。net 3.0系统上的根数(其中WCF和WPF的数字，嵌套在3.0下，更高——我无法解释)，而4.0则没有返回任何东西……

编辑:对于。net 4.5及以上版本，这又发生了轻微的变化，所以现在有一篇很好的MSDN文章解释了如何将发布值转换为。net版本号，这完全是一场灾难:-(

这对我来说是正确的(注意它在3.0上为WCF和WPF输出单独的版本号。我不知道那是怎么回事)。它还输出客户端和完整的4.0(如果你有他们都安装):

Get-ChildItem 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP' -recurse |
Get-ItemProperty -name Version,Release -EA 0 |
Where { $_.PSChildName -match '^(?!S)\p{L}'} |
Select PSChildName, Version, Release

根据MSDN文章，您可以构建一个查找表，并返回4.5之后发行版的营销产品版本号:

$Lookup = @{
    378389 = [version]'4.5'
    378675 = [version]'4.5.1'
    378758 = [version]'4.5.1'
    379893 = [version]'4.5.2'
    393295 = [version]'4.6'
    393297 = [version]'4.6'
    394254 = [version]'4.6.1'
    394271 = [version]'4.6.1'
    394802 = [version]'4.6.2'
    394806 = [version]'4.6.2'
    460798 = [version]'4.7'
    460805 = [version]'4.7'
    461308 = [version]'4.7.1'
    461310 = [version]'4.7.1'
    461808 = [version]'4.7.2'
    461814 = [version]'4.7.2'
    528040 = [version]'4.8'
    528049 = [version]'4.8'
}

# For One True framework (latest .NET 4x), change the Where-Object match 
# to PSChildName -eq "Full":
Get-ChildItem 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP' -Recurse |
  Get-ItemProperty -name Version, Release -EA 0 |
  Where-Object { $_.PSChildName -match '^(?!S)\p{L}'} |
  Select-Object @{name = ".NET Framework"; expression = {$_.PSChildName}}, 
@{name = "Product"; expression = {$Lookup[$_.Release]}}, 
Version, Release

事实上，由于我必须不断更新这个答案，这里有一个脚本，从该网页的markdown源代码生成上面的脚本(带有一点额外的内容)。这可能会在某个时候崩溃，所以我保持上面的当前副本。

# Get the text from github
$url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dotnet/docs/master/docs/framework/migration-guide/how-to-determine-which-versions-are-installed.md"
$md = Invoke-WebRequest $url -UseBasicParsing
$OFS = "`n"
# Replace the weird text in the tables, and the padding
# Then trim the | off the front and end of lines
$map = $md -split "`n" -replace " installed [^|]+" -replace "\s+\|" -replace "\|$" |
    # Then we can build the table by looking for unique lines that start with ".NET Framework"
    Select-String "^.NET" | Select-Object -Unique |
    # And flip it so it's key = value
    # And convert ".NET FRAMEWORK 4.5.2" to  [version]4.5.2
    ForEach-Object { 
        [version]$v, [int]$k = $_ -replace "\.NET Framework " -split "\|"
        "    $k = [version]'$v'"
    }

# And output the whole script
@"
`$Lookup = @{
$map
}

# For extra effect we could get the Windows 10 OS version and build release id:
try {
    `$WinRelease, `$WinVer = Get-ItemPropertyValue "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion" ReleaseId, CurrentMajorVersionNumber, CurrentMinorVersionNumber, CurrentBuildNumber, UBR
    `$WindowsVersion = "`$(`$WinVer -join '.') (`$WinRelease)"
} catch {
    `$WindowsVersion = [System.Environment]::OSVersion.Version
}

Get-ChildItem 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP' -Recurse |
    Get-ItemProperty -name Version, Release -EA 0 |
    # For The One True framework (latest .NET 4x), change match to PSChildName -eq "Full":
    Where-Object { `$_.PSChildName -match '^(?!S)\p{L}'} |
    Select-Object @{name = ".NET Framework"; expression = {`$_.PSChildName}}, 
                @{name = "Product"; expression = {`$Lookup[`$_.Release]}}, 
                Version, Release,
    # Some OPTIONAL extra output: PSComputerName and WindowsVersion
    # The Computer name, so output from local machines will match remote machines:
    @{ name = "PSComputerName"; expression = {`$Env:Computername}},
    # The Windows Version (works on Windows 10, at least):
    @{ name = "WindowsVersion"; expression = { `$WindowsVersion }}
"@