有一个很好的官方例子，使用Express -可能在未来很方便:https://github.com/firebase/functions-samples/blob/master/authorized-https-endpoint/functions/index.js(贴在下面只是为了确定)

记住，出口。App使你的函数在/ App slug下可用(在这种情况下只有一个函数，在<you-firebase-app>/ App /hello下可用。为了摆脱它，你实际上需要重写一些Express部分(验证的中间件部分保持不变-它工作得非常好，并且由于注释而非常容易理解)。

/**
 * Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
'use strict';

const functions = require('firebase-functions');
const admin = require('firebase-admin');
admin.initializeApp();
const express = require('express');
const cookieParser = require('cookie-parser')();
const cors = require('cors')({origin: true});
const app = express();

// Express middleware that validates Firebase ID Tokens passed in the Authorization HTTP header.
// The Firebase ID token needs to be passed as a Bearer token in the Authorization HTTP header like this:
// `Authorization: Bearer <Firebase ID Token>`.
// when decoded successfully, the ID Token content will be added as `req.user`.
const validateFirebaseIdToken = async (req, res, next) => {
  console.log('Check if request is authorized with Firebase ID token');

  if ((!req.headers.authorization || !req.headers.authorization.startsWith('Bearer ')) &&
      !(req.cookies && req.cookies.__session)) {
    console.error('No Firebase ID token was passed as a Bearer token in the Authorization header.',
        'Make sure you authorize your request by providing the following HTTP header:',
        'Authorization: Bearer <Firebase ID Token>',
        'or by passing a "__session" cookie.');
    res.status(403).send('Unauthorized');
    return;
  }

  let idToken;
  if (req.headers.authorization && req.headers.authorization.startsWith('Bearer ')) {
    console.log('Found "Authorization" header');
    // Read the ID Token from the Authorization header.
    idToken = req.headers.authorization.split('Bearer ')[1];
  } else if(req.cookies) {
    console.log('Found "__session" cookie');
    // Read the ID Token from cookie.
    idToken = req.cookies.__session;
  } else {
    // No cookie
    res.status(403).send('Unauthorized');
    return;
  }

  try {
    const decodedIdToken = await admin.auth().verifyIdToken(idToken);
    console.log('ID Token correctly decoded', decodedIdToken);
    req.user = decodedIdToken;
    next();
    return;
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Error while verifying Firebase ID token:', error);
    res.status(403).send('Unauthorized');
    return;
  }
};

app.use(cors);
app.use(cookieParser);
app.use(validateFirebaseIdToken);
app.get('/hello', (req, res) => {
  res.send(`Hello ${req.user.name}`);
});

// This HTTPS endpoint can only be accessed by your Firebase Users.
// Requests need to be authorized by providing an `Authorization` HTTP header
// with value `Bearer <Firebase ID Token>`.
exports.app = functions.https.onRequest(app);

我的重写来摆脱/app:

const hello = functions.https.onRequest((request, response) => {
  res.send(`Hello ${req.user.name}`);
})

module.exports = {
  hello
}

对于您正在尝试做的事情，有一个正式的代码示例。它演示了如何设置HTTPS函数，以要求使用客户端在身份验证期间接收到的令牌作为授权标头。该函数使用firebase-admin库来验证令牌。

此外，如果你的应用程序能够使用Firebase客户端库，你可以使用“可调用函数”来简化这个样板文件。

这里有很多很棒的信息真的对我很有帮助，但是我认为，对于那些第一次使用Angular尝试使用它的人来说，分解一个简单的工作示例可能会很好。谷歌Firebase文档可以在https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/admin/verify-id-tokens#web上找到。

//#### YOUR TS COMPONENT FILE #####
import { Component, OnInit} from '@angular/core';
import * as firebase from 'firebase/app';
import { YourService } from '../services/yourservice.service';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-example',
  templateUrl: './app-example.html',
  styleUrls: ['./app-example.scss']
})

export class AuthTokenExample implements OnInit {

//property
idToken: string;

//Add your service
constructor(private service: YourService) {}

ngOnInit() {

    //get the user token from firebase auth
    firebase.auth().currentUser.getIdToken(true).then((idTokenData) => {
        //assign the token to the property
        this.idToken = idTokenData;
        //call your http service upon ASYNC return of the token
        this.service.myHttpPost(data, this.idToken).subscribe(returningdata => {
            console.log(returningdata)
        });

    }).catch((error) => {
        // Handle error
        console.log(error);
    });

  }

}

//#### YOUR SERVICE #####
//import of http service
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpClient, HttpHeaders } from '@angular/common/http';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs';

@Injectable({
  providedIn: 'root'
})

export class MyServiceClass {

    constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }

  //your myHttpPost method your calling from your ts file
  myHttpPost(data: object, token: string): Observable<any> {

    //defining your header - token is added to Authorization Bearer key with space between Bearer, so it can be split in your Google Cloud Function
    let httpOptions = {
        headers: new HttpHeaders({
            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
         'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + token
        })
    }

    //define your Google Cloud Function end point your get from creating your GCF
    const endPoint = ' https://us-central1-your-app.cloudfunctions.net/doSomethingCool';

    return this.http.post<string>(endPoint, data, httpOptions);

  }

}


//#### YOUR GOOGLE CLOUD FUNCTION 'GCF' #####
//your imports
const functions = require('firebase-functions');
const admin = require('firebase-admin');
const cors = require('cors')({origin: true});


exports.doSomethingCool = functions.https.onRequest((req, res) => {

//cross origin middleware
    cors(req, res, () => {

        //get the token from the service header by splitting the Bearer in the Authorization header 
        const tokenId = req.get('Authorization').split('Bearer ')[1];

        //verify the authenticity of token of the user
        admin.auth().verifyIdToken(tokenId)
            .then((decodedToken) => {
                //get the user uid if you need it.
               const uid = decodedToken.uid;

                //do your cool stuff that requires authentication of the user here.

            //end of authorization
            })
            .catch((error) => {
                console.log(error);
            });

    //end of cors
    })

//end of function
})

正如@Doug所提到的，您可以使用firebase-admin来验证令牌。我举了一个简单的例子:

exports.auth = functions.https.onRequest((req, res) => {
  cors(req, res, () => {
    const tokenId = req.get('Authorization').split('Bearer ')[1];
    
    return admin.auth().verifyIdToken(tokenId)
      .then((decoded) => res.status(200).send(decoded))
      .catch((err) => res.status(401).send(err));
  });
});

在上面的例子中，我也启用了CORS，但这是可选的。首先，获取Authorization头并找出令牌。

然后，您可以使用firebase-admin来验证该令牌。您将在响应中获得该用户的解码信息。否则，如果令牌无效，它将抛出一个错误。

正如@Doug提到的， 你可以使用可调用函数来从你的客户端和服务器中排除一些样板代码。

示例可调用函数:

export const getData = functions.https.onCall((data, context) => {
  // verify Firebase Auth ID token
  if (!context.auth) {
    return { message: 'Authentication Required!', code: 401 };
  }

  /** This scope is reachable for authenticated users only */

  return { message: 'Some Data', code: 200 };
});

它可以直接从你的客户端调用，像这样:

firebase.functions().httpsCallable('getData')({query}).then(result => console.log(result));

上述方法使用函数内部的逻辑对用户进行身份验证，因此仍然必须调用函数来进行检查。

这是一个非常好的方法，但为了全面起见，还有另一种选择:

你可以将一个函数设置为“私有”，这样除了注册用户(由你决定权限)，它不能被调用。在这种情况下，在函数上下文中拒绝未经身份验证的请求，并且根本不会调用函数。

这里引用(a)将函数配置为公共/私有，然后(b)对最终用户进行函数的身份验证。

请注意，上面的文档是针对谷歌云平台的，实际上，这是可行的，因为每个Firebase项目也是一个GCP项目。与此方法相关的一个警告是，在撰写本文时，它仅适用于基于google帐户的身份验证。