如果有两个变量:

Object obj;
String methodName = "getName";

在不知道obj的类的情况下,我如何调用由methodName识别的方法?

被调用的方法没有参数,只有一个String返回值。它是Java bean的getter。


当前回答

对于那些在同一个类中调用非静态方法的方法,请参见下面的代码:

class Person {
    public void method1() {
        try {
            Method m2 = this.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("method2");
            m1.invoke(this);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void method2() {
        // Do something
    }

}

其他回答

对我来说,一个非常简单和愚蠢的方法是简单地创建一个方法调用者,就像这样:

public static object methodCaller(String methodName)
{
    if(methodName.equals("getName"))
        return className.getName();
}

然后当你需要调用这个方法时,简单地输入如下内容

//calling a toString method is unnessary here, but i use it to have my programs to both rigid and self-explanitory 
System.out.println(methodCaller(methodName).toString()); 

从反射使用方法调用:

Class<?> c = Class.forName("class name");
Method method = c.getDeclaredMethod("method name", parameterTypes);
method.invoke(objectToInvokeOn, params);

地点:

“class name”是类的名称 objectToInvokeOn类型为Object,是您希望在其上调用方法的对象 "method name"是你想要调用的方法的名称 parameterTypes的类型是Class[],声明方法所接受的参数 params类型为Object[],声明要传递给方法的参数

对于那些想要Java 7中简单的代码示例的人:

狗类:

package com.mypackage.bean;

public class Dog {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Dog() {
        // empty constructor
    }

    public Dog(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public void printDog(String name, int age) {
        System.out.println(name + " is " + age + " year(s) old.");
    }
}

ReflectionDemo类:

package com.mypackage.demo;

import java.lang.reflect.*;

public class ReflectionDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String dogClassName = "com.mypackage.bean.Dog";
        Class<?> dogClass = Class.forName(dogClassName); // convert string classname to class
        Object dog = dogClass.newInstance(); // invoke empty constructor

        String methodName = "";

        // with single parameter, return void
        methodName = "setName";
        Method setNameMethod = dog.getClass().getMethod(methodName, String.class);
        setNameMethod.invoke(dog, "Mishka"); // pass arg

        // without parameters, return string
        methodName = "getName";
        Method getNameMethod = dog.getClass().getMethod(methodName);
        String name = (String) getNameMethod.invoke(dog); // explicit cast

        // with multiple parameters
        methodName = "printDog";
        Class<?>[] paramTypes = {String.class, int.class};
        Method printDogMethod = dog.getClass().getMethod(methodName, paramTypes);
        printDogMethod.invoke(dog, name, 3); // pass args
    }
}

输出: 米什卡3岁了。


你可以用这种方法调用带形参的构造函数:

Constructor<?> dogConstructor = dogClass.getConstructor(String.class, int.class);
Object dog = dogConstructor.newInstance("Hachiko", 10);

或者,您可以删除

String dogClassName = "com.mypackage.bean.Dog";
Class<?> dogClass = Class.forName(dogClassName);
Object dog = dogClass.newInstance();

,做

Dog dog = new Dog();

Method method = Dog.class.getMethod(methodName, ...);
method.invoke(dog, ...);

推荐阅读:创建新类实例

Student.java

class Student{
    int rollno;
    String name;

    void m1(int x,int y){
        System.out.println("add is" +(x+y));
    }

    private void m3(String name){
        this.name=name;
        System.out.println("danger yappa:"+name);
    }
    void m4(){
        System.out.println("This is m4");
    }
}

StudentTest.java

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class StudentTest{

     public static void main(String[] args){

        try{

            Class cls=Student.class;

            Student s=(Student)cls.newInstance();


            String x="kichha";
            Method mm3=cls.getDeclaredMethod("m3",String.class);
            mm3.setAccessible(true);
            mm3.invoke(s,x);

            Method mm1=cls.getDeclaredMethod("m1",int.class,int.class);
            mm1.invoke(s,10,20);

        }
        catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
     }
}
try {
    YourClass yourClass = new YourClass();
    Method method = YourClass.class.getMethod("yourMethodName", ParameterOfThisMethod.class);
    method.invoke(yourClass, parameter);
} catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}