假设我有下面的类X,我想返回一个内部成员的访问:

class Z
{
    // details
};

class X
{
    std::vector<Z> vecZ;

public:
    Z& Z(size_t index)
    {
        // massive amounts of code for validating index

        Z& ret = vecZ[index];

        // even more code for determining that the Z instance
        // at index is *exactly* the right sort of Z (a process
        // which involves calculating leap years in which
        // religious holidays fall on Tuesdays for
        // the next thousand years or so)

        return ret;
    }
    const Z& Z(size_t index) const
    {
        // identical to non-const X::Z(), except printed in
        // a lighter shade of gray since
        // we're running low on toner by this point
    }
};

两个成员函数X::Z()和X::Z() const在大括号内具有相同的代码。这是重复的代码,可能会导致具有复杂逻辑的长函数的维护问题。

有办法避免这种代码重复吗?


当前回答

如果你不喜欢const强制转换,我使用这个c++ 17版本的模板静态帮助器函数,由另一个答案建议,并带有可选的SFINAE测试。

#include <type_traits>

#define REQUIRES(...)         class = std::enable_if_t<(__VA_ARGS__)>
#define REQUIRES_CV_OF(A,B)   REQUIRES( std::is_same_v< std::remove_cv_t< A >, B > )

class Foobar {
private:
    int something;

    template<class FOOBAR, REQUIRES_CV_OF(FOOBAR, Foobar)>
    static auto& _getSomething(FOOBAR& self, int index) {
        // big, non-trivial chunk of code...
        return self.something;
    }

public:
    auto& getSomething(int index)       { return _getSomething(*this, index); }
    auto& getSomething(int index) const { return _getSomething(*this, index); }
};

完整版:https://godbolt.org/z/mMK4r3

其他回答

把逻辑移到私有方法中,只在getter中做“获取引用并返回”的事情怎么样?实际上,我对简单getter函数中的静态类型转换和const类型转换相当困惑,我认为这很难看,除非在极少数情况下!

使用预处理器是作弊吗?

struct A {

    #define GETTER_CORE_CODE       \
    /* line 1 of getter code */    \
    /* line 2 of getter code */    \
    /* .....etc............. */    \
    /* line n of getter code */       

    // ^ NOTE: line continuation char '\' on all lines but the last

   B& get() {
        GETTER_CORE_CODE
   }

   const B& get() const {
        GETTER_CORE_CODE
   }

   #undef GETTER_CORE_CODE

};

它不像模板或类型转换那么花哨,但它确实使您的意图(“这两个函数是相同的”)非常明确。

我这样做是为了一个朋友,他合理地证明了const_cast的使用…如果我不知道,我可能会这样做(不太优雅):

#include <iostream>

class MyClass
{

public:

    int getI()
    {
        std::cout << "non-const getter" << std::endl;
        return privateGetI<MyClass, int>(*this);
    }

    const int getI() const
    {
        std::cout << "const getter" << std::endl;
        return privateGetI<const MyClass, const int>(*this);
    }

private:

    template <class C, typename T>
    static T privateGetI(C c)
    {
        //do my stuff
        return c._i;
    }

    int _i;
};

int main()
{
    const MyClass myConstClass = MyClass();
    myConstClass.getI();

    MyClass myNonConstClass;
    myNonConstClass.getI();

    return 0;
}

是的,可以避免代码重复。你需要使用const成员函数来拥有逻辑,并让非const成员函数调用const成员函数,并将返回值重新转换为非const引用(或指针,如果函数返回指针):

class X
{
   std::vector<Z> vecZ;

public:
   const Z& z(size_t index) const
   {
      // same really-really-really long access 
      // and checking code as in OP
      // ...
      return vecZ[index];
   }

   Z& z(size_t index)
   {
      // One line. One ugly, ugly line - but just one line!
      return const_cast<Z&>( static_cast<const X&>(*this).z(index) );
   }

 #if 0 // A slightly less-ugly version
   Z& Z(size_t index)
   {
      // Two lines -- one cast. This is slightly less ugly but takes an extra line.
      const X& constMe = *this;
      return const_cast<Z&>( constMe.z(index) );
   }
 #endif
};

注意:重要的是,不要将逻辑放在非const函数中,并让const函数调用非const函数——这可能会导致未定义的行为。原因是常量类实例被转换为非常量实例。非const成员函数可能会意外地修改类,c++标准状态将导致未定义的行为。

我建议使用私有helper静态函数模板,如下所示:

class X
{
    std::vector<Z> vecZ;

    // ReturnType is explicitly 'Z&' or 'const Z&'
    // ThisType is deduced to be 'X' or 'const X'
    template <typename ReturnType, typename ThisType>
    static ReturnType Z_impl(ThisType& self, size_t index)
    {
        // massive amounts of code for validating index
        ReturnType ret = self.vecZ[index];
        // even more code for determining, blah, blah...
        return ret;
    }

public:
    Z& Z(size_t index)
    {
        return Z_impl<Z&>(*this, index);
    }
    const Z& Z(size_t index) const
    {
        return Z_impl<const Z&>(*this, index);
    }
};