Android房间-简单的选择查询-不能访问数据库在主线程

我正在尝试一个样本与房间持久性库。我创建了一个实体:

@Entity
public class Agent {
    @PrimaryKey
    public String guid;
    public String name;
    public String email;
    public String password;
    public String phone;
    public String licence;
}

创建一个DAO类:

@Dao
public interface AgentDao {
    @Query("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Agent where email = :email OR phone = :phone OR licence = :licence")
    int agentsCount(String email, String phone, String licence);

    @Insert
    void insertAgent(Agent agent);
}

创建Database类:

@Database(entities = {Agent.class}, version = 1)
public abstract class AppDatabase extends RoomDatabase {
    public abstract AgentDao agentDao();
}

在Kotlin中使用以下子类公开数据库:

class MyApp : Application() {

    companion object DatabaseSetup {
        var database: AppDatabase? = null
    }

    override fun onCreate() {
        super.onCreate()
        MyApp.database =  Room.databaseBuilder(this, AppDatabase::class.java, "MyDatabase").build()
    }
}

在我的活动中实现以下功能:

void signUpAction(View view) {
        String email = editTextEmail.getText().toString();
        String phone = editTextPhone.getText().toString();
        String license = editTextLicence.getText().toString();

        AgentDao agentDao = MyApp.DatabaseSetup.getDatabase().agentDao();
        //1: Check if agent already exists
        int agentsCount = agentDao.agentsCount(email, phone, license);
        if (agentsCount > 0) {
            //2: If it already exists then prompt user
            Toast.makeText(this, "Agent already exists!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }
        else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "Agent does not exist! Hurray :)", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            onBackPressed();
        }
    }

不幸的是，在执行上面的方法时，它崩溃了下面的堆栈跟踪:

    FATAL EXCEPTION: main
 Process: com.example.me.MyApp, PID: 31592
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not execute method for android:onClick
    at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatViewInflater$DeclaredOnClickListener.onClick(AppCompatViewInflater.java:293)
    at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:5612)
    at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:22288)
    at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:751)
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6123)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:867)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:757)
 Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
    at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatViewInflater$DeclaredOnClickListener.onClick(AppCompatViewInflater.java:288)
    at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:5612) 
    at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:22288) 
    at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:751) 
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95) 
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154) 
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6123) 
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:867) 
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:757) 
 Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot access database on the main thread since it may potentially lock the UI for a long periods of time.
    at android.arch.persistence.room.RoomDatabase.assertNotMainThread(RoomDatabase.java:137)
    at android.arch.persistence.room.RoomDatabase.query(RoomDatabase.java:165)
    at com.example.me.MyApp.RoomDb.Dao.AgentDao_Impl.agentsCount(AgentDao_Impl.java:94)
    at com.example.me.MyApp.View.SignUpActivity.signUpAction(SignUpActivity.java:58)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
    at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatViewInflater$DeclaredOnClickListener.onClick(AppCompatViewInflater.java:288) 
    at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:5612) 
    at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:22288) 
    at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:751) 
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95) 
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154) 
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6123) 
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:867) 
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:757)

似乎这个问题与主线程上执行db操作有关。然而，上面链接中提供的示例测试代码不会在单独的线程上运行:

@Test
    public void writeUserAndReadInList() throws Exception {
        User user = TestUtil.createUser(3);
        user.setName("george");
        mUserDao.insert(user);
        List<User> byName = mUserDao.findUsersByName("george");
        assertThat(byName.get(0), equalTo(user));
    }

我漏了什么吗?我怎样才能使它不崩溃地执行?请建议。

当前回答

使用lambda很容易与AsyncTask一起运行

 AsyncTask.execute(() -> //run your query here );

2019-03-14 01:43:30

其他回答

一个优雅的RxJava/Kotlin解决方案是使用Completable.fromCallable，它会给你一个不返回值的Observable，但可以在不同的线程上观察和订阅。

public Completable insert(Event event) {
    return Completable.fromCallable(new Callable<Void>() {
        @Override
        public Void call() throws Exception {
            return database.eventDao().insert(event)
        }
    }
}

或者用Kotlin:

fun insert(event: Event) : Completable = Completable.fromCallable {
    database.eventDao().insert(event)
}

你可以像往常一样观察和订阅:

dataManager.insert(event)
    .subscribeOn(scheduler)
    .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
    .subscribe(...)

2017-11-02 20:52:22

在数据库文件中添加.allowMainThreadQueries()

@Database(entities = [Country::class], version = 1)
abstract class CountryDatabase: RoomDatabase() {
    abstract fun getCountryDao(): CountryDao
    companion object {
        @Volatile
        private var instance: CountryDatabase? = null
        private val LOCK = Any()

        operator fun invoke(context: Context) = instance ?:
        synchronized(LOCK) {
            instance ?:
            createDatabase(context).also { instance = it }
        }
        private fun createDatabase(context: Context) =
            Room.databaseBuilder(
                context.applicationContext,
                CountryDatabase::class.java,
                "country_db"
            ).allowMainThreadQueries()
             .build()
    }
}

2021-10-11 21:53:36

数据库访问在主线程锁定UI是错误的，如Dale所说。

——编辑2

因为很多人可能会遇到这个答案…… 一般来说，现在最好的选择是Kotlin协程。Room现在直接支持它(目前处于测试阶段)。 https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/coroutines-overview.html https://developer.android.com/jetpack/androidx/releases/room#2.1.0-beta01

——编辑1

对于想知道……你还有其他选择。我建议查看一下新的ViewModel和LiveData组件。LiveData与Room合作得很好。 https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/livedata.html

另一个选择是RxJava/RxAndroid。比LiveData更强大但更复杂。 https://github.com/ReactiveX/RxJava

——原来的答案

在您的活动扩展AsyncTask中创建一个静态嵌套类(以防止内存泄漏)。

private static class AgentAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Integer> {

    //Prevent leak
    private WeakReference<Activity> weakActivity;
    private String email;
    private String phone;
    private String license;

    public AgentAsyncTask(Activity activity, String email, String phone, String license) {
        weakActivity = new WeakReference<>(activity);
        this.email = email;
        this.phone = phone;
        this.license = license;
    }

    @Override
    protected Integer doInBackground(Void... params) {
        AgentDao agentDao = MyApp.DatabaseSetup.getDatabase().agentDao();
        return agentDao.agentsCount(email, phone, license);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(Integer agentsCount) {
        Activity activity = weakActivity.get();
        if(activity == null) {
            return;
        }

        if (agentsCount > 0) {
            //2: If it already exists then prompt user
            Toast.makeText(activity, "Agent already exists!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(activity, "Agent does not exist! Hurray :)", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            activity.onBackPressed();
        }
    }
}

或者你可以在final类自己的文件上创建一个final类。

然后在signUpAction(View视图)方法中执行它:

new AgentAsyncTask(this, email, phone, license).execute();

在某些情况下，你可能还想在你的活动中保留一个对AgentAsyncTask的引用，这样你就可以在活动被销毁时取消它。但是你必须自己中断任何交易。

另外，你关于谷歌的测试示例的问题… 他们在那个网页上说:

测试数据库实现的推荐方法是编写在Android设备上运行的JUnit测试。因为这些测试不需要创建活动，它们应该更快执行你的UI测试。

没有活动，就没有UI。

2017-05-24 20:30:29

如果你更喜欢异步任务:

  new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Integer>() {
                @Override
                protected Integer doInBackground(Void... voids) {
                    return Room.databaseBuilder(getApplicationContext(),
                            AppDatabase.class, DATABASE_NAME)
                            .fallbackToDestructiveMigration()
                            .build()
                            .getRecordingDAO()
                            .getAll()
                            .size();
                }

                @Override
                protected void onPostExecute(Integer integer) {
                    super.onPostExecute(integer);
                    Toast.makeText(HomeActivity.this, "Found " + integer, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
            }.execute();

2018-02-09 05:24:49

添加调度程序。IO在流的末尾，像这样:

flow { ... }.flowOn(Dispatchers.IO)

2021-11-16 23:28:51

Android房间-简单的选择查询-不能访问数据库在主线程

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