Android房间-简单的选择查询-不能访问数据库在主线程

我正在尝试一个样本与房间持久性库。我创建了一个实体:

@Entity
public class Agent {
    @PrimaryKey
    public String guid;
    public String name;
    public String email;
    public String password;
    public String phone;
    public String licence;
}

创建一个DAO类:

@Dao
public interface AgentDao {
    @Query("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Agent where email = :email OR phone = :phone OR licence = :licence")
    int agentsCount(String email, String phone, String licence);

    @Insert
    void insertAgent(Agent agent);
}

创建Database类:

@Database(entities = {Agent.class}, version = 1)
public abstract class AppDatabase extends RoomDatabase {
    public abstract AgentDao agentDao();
}

在Kotlin中使用以下子类公开数据库:

class MyApp : Application() {

    companion object DatabaseSetup {
        var database: AppDatabase? = null
    }

    override fun onCreate() {
        super.onCreate()
        MyApp.database =  Room.databaseBuilder(this, AppDatabase::class.java, "MyDatabase").build()
    }
}

在我的活动中实现以下功能:

void signUpAction(View view) {
        String email = editTextEmail.getText().toString();
        String phone = editTextPhone.getText().toString();
        String license = editTextLicence.getText().toString();

        AgentDao agentDao = MyApp.DatabaseSetup.getDatabase().agentDao();
        //1: Check if agent already exists
        int agentsCount = agentDao.agentsCount(email, phone, license);
        if (agentsCount > 0) {
            //2: If it already exists then prompt user
            Toast.makeText(this, "Agent already exists!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }
        else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "Agent does not exist! Hurray :)", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            onBackPressed();
        }
    }

不幸的是，在执行上面的方法时，它崩溃了下面的堆栈跟踪:

    FATAL EXCEPTION: main
 Process: com.example.me.MyApp, PID: 31592
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not execute method for android:onClick
    at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatViewInflater$DeclaredOnClickListener.onClick(AppCompatViewInflater.java:293)
    at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:5612)
    at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:22288)
    at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:751)
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6123)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:867)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:757)
 Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
    at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatViewInflater$DeclaredOnClickListener.onClick(AppCompatViewInflater.java:288)
    at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:5612) 
    at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:22288) 
    at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:751) 
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95) 
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154) 
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6123) 
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:867) 
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:757) 
 Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot access database on the main thread since it may potentially lock the UI for a long periods of time.
    at android.arch.persistence.room.RoomDatabase.assertNotMainThread(RoomDatabase.java:137)
    at android.arch.persistence.room.RoomDatabase.query(RoomDatabase.java:165)
    at com.example.me.MyApp.RoomDb.Dao.AgentDao_Impl.agentsCount(AgentDao_Impl.java:94)
    at com.example.me.MyApp.View.SignUpActivity.signUpAction(SignUpActivity.java:58)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
    at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatViewInflater$DeclaredOnClickListener.onClick(AppCompatViewInflater.java:288) 
    at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:5612) 
    at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:22288) 
    at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:751) 
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95) 
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154) 
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6123) 
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:867) 
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:757)

似乎这个问题与主线程上执行db操作有关。然而，上面链接中提供的示例测试代码不会在单独的线程上运行:

@Test
    public void writeUserAndReadInList() throws Exception {
        User user = TestUtil.createUser(3);
        user.setName("george");
        mUserDao.insert(user);
        List<User> byName = mUserDao.findUsersByName("george");
        assertThat(byName.get(0), equalTo(user));
    }

我漏了什么吗?我怎样才能使它不崩溃地执行?请建议。

当前回答

由于asyncTask已弃用，我们可以使用executor服务。或者你也可以在LiveData中使用ViewModel，正如在其他答案中解释的那样。

对于使用执行者服务，您可以使用如下内容。

public class DbHelper {

    private final Executor executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

    public void fetchData(DataFetchListener dataListener){
        executor.execute(() -> {
                Object object = retrieveAgent(agentId);
                new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post(() -> {
                        dataListener.onFetchDataSuccess(object);
                });
        });
    }
}

使用Main Looper，这样你就可以从onfetchdatasuccsuccess回调中访问UI元素。

2020-01-05 19:22:02

其他回答

对于所有RxJava或RxAndroid或RxKotlin爱好者

Observable.just(db)
          .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
          .subscribe { db -> // database operation }

2017-10-25 06:37:21

不建议使用allowMainThreadQueries()在主线程中访问数据库

MyApp.database =  Room.databaseBuilder(this, AppDatabase::class.java, "MyDatabase").allowMainThreadQueries().build()

2017-07-01 03:08:43

Kotlin协程(清晰简洁)

AsyncTask真的很笨拙。协程是一个更干净的选择(只需添加几个关键字，你的同步代码就会变成异步的)。

// Step 1: add `suspend` to your fun
suspend fun roomFun(...): Int
suspend fun notRoomFun(...) = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) { ... }

// Step 2: launch from coroutine scope
private fun myFun() {
    lifecycleScope.launch { // coroutine on Main
        val queryResult = roomFun(...) // coroutine on IO
        doStuff() // ...back on Main
    }
}

依赖(为arch组件添加协程作用域):

// lifecycleScope:
implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-ktx:2.2.0-alpha04'

// viewModelScope:
implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:2.2.0-alpha04'

——更新: 08-5-2019: 2.1房间现在支持暂停 2019年9月13日:更新到使用架构组件范围

2018-01-15 14:51:36

如果你更喜欢异步任务:

  new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Integer>() {
                @Override
                protected Integer doInBackground(Void... voids) {
                    return Room.databaseBuilder(getApplicationContext(),
                            AppDatabase.class, DATABASE_NAME)
                            .fallbackToDestructiveMigration()
                            .build()
                            .getRecordingDAO()
                            .getAll()
                            .size();
                }

                @Override
                protected void onPostExecute(Integer integer) {
                    super.onPostExecute(integer);
                    Toast.makeText(HomeActivity.this, "Found " + integer, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
            }.execute();

2018-02-09 05:24:49

只需要在一个单独的线程中执行数据库操作。像这样(Kotlin):

Thread {
   //Do your database´s operations here
}.start()

2019-04-30 18:45:01

Android房间-简单的选择查询-不能访问数据库在主线程

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