我们可以使用调用方法来使用其他类方法作为静态方法。

class _Callable:
    def __init__(self, anycallable):
        self.__call__ = anycallable

class Model:

    def get_instance(conn, table_name):

        """ do something"""

    get_instance = _Callable(get_instance)

provs_fac = Model.get_instance(connection, "users")  

我想提供一些捷径和语法糖，以及一些可以使用的技术，但我在当前的答案中没有看到它们。

实例化类并立即调用它

在很多情况下，例如当需要做一个APi请求时，逻辑被封装在一个类中，我们真正需要的只是把数据给那个类，并立即作为一个单独的实体运行它，实例化类可能不需要。这就是

instance = MyClass() # instanciation
instance() # run the instance.__call__()
# now instance is not needed 

相反，我们可以这样做。

class HTTPApi:

    def __init__(self, val1, val2):
        self.val1 = val1
        self.val2 = val2

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.run(args, kwargs)

    def run(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print("hello", self.val1, self.val2, args, kwargs)
        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Create a class, and call it
    (HTTPApi("Value1", "Value2"))("world", 12, 213, 324, k1="one", k2="two")

给调用另一个现有的方法

我们也可以向__call__声明一个方法，而不需要创建一个实际的__call__方法。

class MyClass:

    def __init__(self, val1, val2):
        self.val1 = val1
        self.val2 = val2

    def run(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print("hello", self.val1, self.val2, args, kwargs)

    __call__ = run

if __name__ == '__main__':
    (MyClass("Value1", "Value"))("world", 12, 213, 324, k1="one", k2="two")

这允许声明另一个全局函数而不是一个方法，无论出于什么原因(可能有一些原因，例如你不能修改该方法，但你需要由类调用它)。

def run(self, *args, **kwargs):
    print("hello",self.val1, self.val2,  args, kwargs)

class MyClass:

    def __init__(self, val1, val2):
        self.val1 = val1
        self.val2 = val2

    __call__ = run

if __name__ == '__main__':
    (MyClass("Value1", "Value2"))("world", 12, 213, 324, k1="one", k2="two")

我们可以使用调用方法来使用其他类方法作为静态方法。

class _Callable:
    def __init__(self, anycallable):
        self.__call__ = anycallable

class Model:

    def get_instance(conn, table_name):

        """ do something"""

    get_instance = _Callable(get_instance)

provs_fac = Model.get_instance(connection, "users")  

我将尝试用一个例子来解释这一点，假设您想从斐波那契数列中输出固定数量的项。记住斐波那契数列的前两项都是1。例:1,1,2,3,5,8,13 ....

您希望包含斐波那契数的列表只初始化一次，然后更新。现在我们可以使用__call__函数了。阅读@mudit verma的回答。这就像你希望对象作为函数可调用，但不是每次调用时都重新初始化。

Eg:

class Recorder:
    def __init__(self):
        self._weights = []
        for i in range(0, 2):
            self._weights.append(1)
        print self._weights[-1]
        print self._weights[-2]
        print "no. above is from __init__"

    def __call__(self, t):
        self._weights = [self._weights[-1], self._weights[-1] + self._weights[-2]]
        print self._weights[-1]
        print "no. above is from __call__"

weight_recorder = Recorder()
for i in range(0, 10):
    weight_recorder(i)

输出结果为:

1
1
no. above is from __init__
2
no. above is from __call__
3
no. above is from __call__
5
no. above is from __call__
8
no. above is from __call__
13
no. above is from __call__
21
no. above is from __call__
34
no. above is from __call__
55
no. above is from __call__
89
no. above is from __call__
144
no. above is from __call__

如果你观察到输出__init__只被调用了一次，那就是类第一次实例化的时候，后来对象被调用而没有重新初始化。

__init__将被视为构造函数，其中__call__方法可以被对象调用任意次数。__init__和__call__函数都接受默认参数。

你也可以使用__call__方法来实现装饰器。

这个例子来自Python 3模式，食谱和习语

class decorator_without_arguments(object):
    def __init__(self, f):
        """
        If there are no decorator arguments, the function
        to be decorated is passed to the constructor.
        """
        print("Inside __init__()")
        self.f = f

    def __call__(self, *args):
        """
        The __call__ method is not called until the
        decorated function is called.
        """
        print("Inside __call__()")
        self.f(*args)
        print("After self.f( * args)")


@decorator_without_arguments
def sayHello(a1, a2, a3, a4):
    print('sayHello arguments:', a1, a2, a3, a4)


print("After decoration")
print("Preparing to call sayHello()")
sayHello("say", "hello", "argument", "list")
print("After first sayHello() call")
sayHello("a", "different", "set of", "arguments")
print("After second sayHello() call")

输出: