在。net 6 (Preview 7)或更高版本中，有一个新的内置方法Task。WaitAsync来实现这一点。

// Using TimeSpan
await myTask.WaitAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));

// Using CancellationToken
await myTask.WaitAsync(cancellationToken);

// Using both TimeSpan and CancellationToken
await myTask.WaitAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10), cancellationToken);

如果任务在TimeSpan或CancellationToken之前没有完成，那么它会分别抛出TimeoutException或TaskCanceledException

try
{
    await myTask.WaitAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10), cancellationToken);

}
catch (TaskCanceledException)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Task didn't get finished before the `CancellationToken`");
}
catch (TimeoutException)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Task didn't get finished before the `TimeSpan`");
}

下面是一个基于投票最多的答案的完整示例，即:

int timeout = 1000;
var task = SomeOperationAsync();
if (await Task.WhenAny(task, Task.Delay(timeout)) == task) {
    // task completed within timeout
} else { 
    // timeout logic
}

这个答案中的实现的主要优点是添加了泛型，因此函数(或任务)可以返回一个值。这意味着任何现有的函数都可以包装在超时函数中，例如:

之前:

int x = MyFunc();

后:

// Throws a TimeoutException if MyFunc takes more than 1 second
int x = TimeoutAfter(MyFunc, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));

这段代码需要。net 4.5。

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace TaskTimeout
{
    public static class Program
    {
        /// <summary>
        ///     Demo of how to wrap any function in a timeout.
        /// </summary>
        private static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            // Version without timeout.
            int a = MyFunc();
            Console.Write("Result: {0}\n", a);
            // Version with timeout.
            int b = TimeoutAfter(() => { return MyFunc(); },TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
            Console.Write("Result: {0}\n", b);
            // Version with timeout (short version that uses method groups). 
            int c = TimeoutAfter(MyFunc, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
            Console.Write("Result: {0}\n", c);

            // Version that lets you see what happens when a timeout occurs.
            try
            {               
                int d = TimeoutAfter(
                    () =>
                    {
                        Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(123));
                        return 42;
                    },
                    TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
                Console.Write("Result: {0}\n", d);
            }
            catch (TimeoutException e)
            {
                Console.Write("Exception: {0}\n", e.Message);
            }

            // Version that works on tasks.
            var task = Task.Run(() =>
            {
                Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
                return 42;
            });

            // To use async/await, add "await" and remove "GetAwaiter().GetResult()".
            var result = task.TimeoutAfterAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2)).
                           GetAwaiter().GetResult();

            Console.Write("Result: {0}\n", result);

            Console.Write("[any key to exit]");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        public static int MyFunc()
        {
            return 42;
        }

        public static TResult TimeoutAfter<TResult>(
            this Func<TResult> func, TimeSpan timeout)
        {
            var task = Task.Run(func);
            return TimeoutAfterAsync(task, timeout).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
        }

        private static async Task<TResult> TimeoutAfterAsync<TResult>(
            this Task<TResult> task, TimeSpan timeout)
        {
            var result = await Task.WhenAny(task, Task.Delay(timeout));
            if (result == task)
            {
                // Task completed within timeout.
                return task.GetAwaiter().GetResult();
            }
            else
            {
                // Task timed out.
                throw new TimeoutException();
            }
        }
    }
}

警告

给出这个答案后，在正常操作期间在代码中抛出异常通常不是一个好做法，除非你绝对必须:

每次抛出异常，都是非常重量级的操作， 如果异常处于紧密循环中，异常会使代码速度降低100倍或更多。

只有在绝对不能更改正在调用的函数时才使用此代码，以便在特定的TimeSpan之后超时。

这个答案实际上只适用于处理无法重构为包含超时参数的第三方库库。

如何编写健壮的代码

如果你想写健壮的代码，一般规则是这样的:

每一个可能无限期阻塞的操作都必须有一个超时。

如果你不遵守这条规则，你的代码最终会遇到一个操作因为某种原因失败，然后它会无限期地阻塞，你的应用程序就会永久挂起。

如果在一段时间后出现了合理的超时，那么你的应用程序会挂起一段极端的时间(例如30秒)，然后它会显示一个错误并继续它的快乐方式，或者重试。

解决这个问题的另一种方法是使用响应式扩展:

public static Task TimeoutAfter(this Task task, TimeSpan timeout, IScheduler scheduler)
{
        return task.ToObservable().Timeout(timeout, scheduler).ToTask();
}

测试上面使用下面的代码在你的单元测试，它为我工作

TestScheduler scheduler = new TestScheduler();
Task task = Task.Run(() =>
                {
                    int i = 0;
                    while (i < 5)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(i);
                        i++;
                        Thread.Sleep(1000);
                    }
                })
                .TimeoutAfter(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), scheduler)
                .ContinueWith(t => { }, TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnFaulted);

scheduler.AdvanceBy(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(6).Ticks);

您可能需要以下命名空间:

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Reactive.Subjects;
using System.Reactive.Linq;
using System.Reactive.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Reactive.Testing;
using System.Threading;
using System.Reactive.Concurrency;

我觉得task . delay()任务和CancellationTokenSource在另一个紧密的网络循环中回答了我的用例。

尽管乔·霍格的《制作任务》MSDN博客上的TimeoutAfter方法是鼓舞人心的，出于同样的原因，我对使用TimeoutException进行流控制有点厌倦，因为超时比不超时更频繁。

所以我使用了这个，它也处理了博客中提到的优化:

public static async Task<bool> BeforeTimeout(this Task task, int millisecondsTimeout)
{
    if (task.IsCompleted) return true;
    if (millisecondsTimeout == 0) return false;

    if (millisecondsTimeout == Timeout.Infinite)
    {
        await Task.WhenAll(task);
        return true;
    }

    var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<object>();

    using (var timer = new Timer(state => ((TaskCompletionSource<object>)state).TrySetCanceled(), tcs,
        millisecondsTimeout, Timeout.Infinite))
    {
        return await Task.WhenAny(task, tcs.Task) == task;
    }
}

一个示例用例如下:

var receivingTask = conn.ReceiveAsync(ct);

while (!await receivingTask.BeforeTimeout(keepAliveMilliseconds))
{
    // Send keep-alive
}

// Read and do something with data
var data = await receivingTask;

使用定时器处理消息并自动取消。当Task完成时，对计时器调用Dispose，以便它们永远不会触发。这里有一个例子;将taskDelay改为500、1500或2500来查看不同的情况:

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        private static Task CreateTaskWithTimeout(
            int xDelay, int yDelay, int taskDelay)
        {
            var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
            var token = cts.Token;
            var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
            {
                // Do some work, but fail if cancellation was requested
                token.WaitHandle.WaitOne(taskDelay);
                token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
                Console.WriteLine("Task complete");
            });
            var messageTimer = new Timer(state =>
            {
                // Display message at first timeout
                Console.WriteLine("X milliseconds elapsed");
            }, null, xDelay, -1);
            var cancelTimer = new Timer(state =>
            {
                // Display message and cancel task at second timeout
                Console.WriteLine("Y milliseconds elapsed");
                cts.Cancel();
            }
                , null, yDelay, -1);
            task.ContinueWith(t =>
            {
                // Dispose the timers when the task completes
                // This will prevent the message from being displayed
                // if the task completes before the timeout
                messageTimer.Dispose();
                cancelTimer.Dispose();
            });
            return task;
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var task = CreateTaskWithTimeout(1000, 2000, 2500);
            // The task has been started and will display a message after
            // one timeout and then cancel itself after the second
            // You can add continuations to the task
            // or wait for the result as needed
            try
            {
                task.Wait();
                Console.WriteLine("Done waiting for task");
            }
            catch (AggregateException ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Error waiting for task:");
                foreach (var e in ex.InnerExceptions)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(e);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

此外，Async CTP提供了一个TaskEx。Delay方法，它将为您在任务中包装计时器。这可以给你更多的控制来做一些事情，比如设置TaskScheduler为Timer触发时的延续。

private static Task CreateTaskWithTimeout(
    int xDelay, int yDelay, int taskDelay)
{
    var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
    var token = cts.Token;
    var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
    {
        // Do some work, but fail if cancellation was requested
        token.WaitHandle.WaitOne(taskDelay);
        token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
        Console.WriteLine("Task complete");
    });

    var timerCts = new CancellationTokenSource();

    var messageTask = TaskEx.Delay(xDelay, timerCts.Token);
    messageTask.ContinueWith(t =>
    {
        // Display message at first timeout
        Console.WriteLine("X milliseconds elapsed");
    }, TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnRanToCompletion);

    var cancelTask = TaskEx.Delay(yDelay, timerCts.Token);
    cancelTask.ContinueWith(t =>
    {
        // Display message and cancel task at second timeout
        Console.WriteLine("Y milliseconds elapsed");
        cts.Cancel();
    }, TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnRanToCompletion);

    task.ContinueWith(t =>
    {
        timerCts.Cancel();
    });

    return task;
}

使用Stephen Cleary的优秀AsyncEx库，你可以做到:

TimeSpan timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10);

using (var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(timeout))
{
    await myTask.WaitAsync(cts.Token);
}

TaskCanceledException将在超时时抛出。