假设我有这个:
[
{"name": "Tom", "age": 10},
{"name": "Mark", "age": 5},
{"name": "Pam", "age": 7}
]
通过搜索“Pam”作为名称,我想检索相关的字典:{name:“Pam”,年龄:7}
如何做到这一点?
假设我有这个:
[
{"name": "Tom", "age": 10},
{"name": "Mark", "age": 5},
{"name": "Pam", "age": 7}
]
通过搜索“Pam”作为名称,我想检索相关的字典:{name:“Pam”,年龄:7}
如何做到这一点?
当前回答
在我看来,这是最python的方式:
people = [
{'name': "Tom", 'age': 10},
{'name': "Mark", 'age': 5},
{'name': "Pam", 'age': 7}
]
filter(lambda person: person['name'] == 'Pam', people)
result(在Python 2中作为列表返回):
[{'age': 7, 'name': 'Pam'}]
注意:在python3中,返回一个filter对象。所以python3的解决方案是:
list(filter(lambda person: person['name'] == 'Pam', people))
其他回答
简单地使用列表理解:
[i for i in dct if i['name'] == 'Pam'][0]
示例代码:
dct = [
{'name': 'Tom', 'age': 10},
{'name': 'Mark', 'age': 5},
{'name': 'Pam', 'age': 7}
]
print([i for i in dct if i['name'] == 'Pam'][0])
> {'age': 7, 'name': 'Pam'}
在我看来,这是最python的方式:
people = [
{'name': "Tom", 'age': 10},
{'name': "Mark", 'age': 5},
{'name': "Pam", 'age': 7}
]
filter(lambda person: person['name'] == 'Pam', people)
result(在Python 2中作为列表返回):
[{'age': 7, 'name': 'Pam'}]
注意:在python3中,返回一个filter对象。所以python3的解决方案是:
list(filter(lambda person: person['name'] == 'Pam', people))
我测试了各种方法来遍历字典列表并返回键x具有特定值的字典。
结果:
速度:列表推导>生成器表达式>>常规列表迭代>>>过滤器。 所有的比例都与列表中的字典数量线性(10x列表大小-> 10x时间)。 对于大量(数千个)键,每个字典的键不会显著影响速度。请看我计算的图表:https://imgur.com/a/quQzv(方法名称见下文)。
所有测试均使用Python 3.6.4, W7x64完成。
from random import randint
from timeit import timeit
list_dicts = []
for _ in range(1000): # number of dicts in the list
dict_tmp = {}
for i in range(10): # number of keys for each dict
dict_tmp[f"key{i}"] = randint(0,50)
list_dicts.append( dict_tmp )
def a():
# normal iteration over all elements
for dict_ in list_dicts:
if dict_["key3"] == 20:
pass
def b():
# use 'generator'
for dict_ in (x for x in list_dicts if x["key3"] == 20):
pass
def c():
# use 'list'
for dict_ in [x for x in list_dicts if x["key3"] == 20]:
pass
def d():
# use 'filter'
for dict_ in filter(lambda x: x['key3'] == 20, list_dicts):
pass
结果:
1.7303 # normal list iteration
1.3849 # generator expression
1.3158 # list comprehension
7.7848 # filter
我会像这样创建一个字典的字典:
names = ["Tom", "Mark", "Pam"]
ages = [10, 5, 7]
my_d = {}
for i, j in zip(names, ages):
my_d[i] = {"name": i, "age": j}
或者,使用与问题中完全相同的信息:
info_list = [{"name": "Tom", "age": 10}, {"name": "Mark", "age": 5}, {"name": "Pam", "age": 7}]
my_d = {}
for d in info_list:
my_d[d["name"]] = d
然后你可以执行my_d["Pam"],得到{"name": "Pam", "age": 7}
我的第一个想法是,你可能想要考虑为这些字典创建一个字典……举个例子,如果你要多次搜索它。
然而,这可能是一个不成熟的优化。有什么问题:
def get_records(key, store=dict()):
'''Return a list of all records containing name==key from our store
'''
assert key is not None
return [d for d in store if d['name']==key]