PHP的相等(==双等号)和恒等式(===三重等号)比较运算符有什么不同?

==和===的区别是什么?

松==比较究竟是如何工作的? 严格的===比较到底是如何工作的?

有什么有用的例子吗?

当前回答

这都是关于数据类型的。以BOOL (true或false)为例:

True也等于1和 False也等于0

==在比较时不关心数据类型: 所以如果你有一个变量是1(这也可能是真的):

$ var = 1;

然后与==进行比较:

if ($var == true)
{
    echo"var is true";
}

但$var并不等于true，对吧?它的int值为1，而int值为true。

使用===，检查数据类型，以确保两个变量/对象/无论使用相同的类型。

如果我这样做了

if ($var === true)
{
    echo "var is true";
}

这个条件不会为真，因为$var !== true它只== true(如果你知道我的意思)。

你为什么需要这个?

简单-让我们来看看PHP的一个函数:array_search():

array_search()函数的作用是:简单地在数组中搜索一个值，并返回该值所在元素的键。如果在数组中找不到该值，则返回false。但是，如果对存储在数组的第一个元素(数组键值为0)....中的值执行array_search()会怎样呢array_search()函数将返回0…等于false..

所以如果你有:

$arr = array("name");
if (array_search("name", $arr) == false)
{
    // This would return 0 (the key of the element the val was found
    // in), but because we're using ==, we'll think the function
    // actually returned false...when it didn't.
}

所以，你现在明白这为什么会成为一个问题了吗?

大多数人在检查函数是否返回false时不使用== false。相反，他们使用!但实际上，这与使用==false完全相同，所以如果你这样做:

$arr = array("name");
if (!array_search("name", $arr)) // This is the same as doing (array_search("name", $arr) == false)

因此，对于这种情况，您可以使用===来代替，以便检查数据类型。

2012-07-18 16:08:22

其他回答

您可以使用===来测试函数或变量是否为假，而不仅仅是等于假(零或空字符串)。

$needle = 'a';
$haystack = 'abc';
$pos = strpos($haystack, $needle);
if ($pos === false) {
    echo $needle . ' was not found in ' . $haystack;
} else {
    echo $needle . ' was found in ' . $haystack . ' at location ' . $pos;
}

在这种情况下，strpos将返回0，这在测试中等同于false

if ($pos == false)

if (!$pos)

这不是你想要的。

2008-09-17 07:07:10

<?php

    /**
     * Comparison of two PHP objects                         ==     ===
     * Checks for
     * 1. References                                         yes    yes
     * 2. Instances with matching attributes and its values  yes    no
     * 3. Instances with different attributes                yes    no
     **/

    // There is no need to worry about comparing visibility of property or
    // method, because it will be the same whenever an object instance is
    // created, however visibility of an object can be modified during run
    // time using ReflectionClass()
    // http://php.net/manual/en/reflectionproperty.setaccessible.php
    //
    class Foo
    {
        public $foobar = 1;

        public function createNewProperty($name, $value)
        {
            $this->{$name} = $value;
        }
    }

    class Bar
    {
    }
    // 1. Object handles or references
    // Is an object a reference to itself or a clone or totally a different object?
    //
    //   ==  true   Name of two objects are same, for example, Foo() and Foo()
    //   ==  false  Name of two objects are different, for example, Foo() and Bar()
    //   === true   ID of two objects are same, for example, 1 and 1
    //   === false  ID of two objects are different, for example, 1 and 2

    echo "1. Object handles or references (both == and    ===) <br />";

    $bar = new Foo();    // New object Foo() created
    $bar2 = new Foo();   // New object Foo() created
    $baz = clone $bar;   // Object Foo() cloned
    $qux = $bar;         // Object Foo() referenced
    $norf = new Bar();   // New object Bar() created
    echo "bar";
    var_dump($bar);
    echo "baz";
    var_dump($baz);
    echo "qux";
    var_dump($qux);
    echo "bar2";
    var_dump($bar2);
    echo "norf";
    var_dump($norf);

    // Clone: == true and === false
    echo '$bar == $bar2';
    var_dump($bar == $bar2); // true

    echo '$bar === $bar2';
    var_dump($bar === $bar2); // false

    echo '$bar == $baz';
    var_dump($bar == $baz); // true

    echo '$bar === $baz';
    var_dump($bar === $baz); // false

    // Object reference: == true and === true
    echo '$bar == $qux';
    var_dump($bar == $qux); // true

    echo '$bar === $qux';
    var_dump($bar === $qux); // true

    // Two different objects: == false and === false
    echo '$bar == $norf';
    var_dump($bar == $norf); // false

    echo '$bar === $norf';
    var_dump($bar === $norf); // false

    // 2. Instances with matching attributes and its values (only ==).
    //    What happens when objects (even in cloned object) have same
    //    attributes but varying values?

    // $foobar value is different
    echo "2. Instances with matching attributes  and its values (only ==) <br />";

    $baz->foobar = 2;
    echo '$foobar' . " value is different <br />";
    echo '$bar->foobar = ' . $bar->foobar . "<br />";
    echo '$baz->foobar = ' . $baz->foobar . "<br />";
    echo '$bar == $baz';
    var_dump($bar == $baz); // false

    // $foobar's value is the same again
    $baz->foobar = 1;
    echo '$foobar' . " value is the same again <br />";
    echo '$bar->foobar is ' . $bar->foobar . "<br />";
    echo '$baz->foobar is ' . $baz->foobar . "<br />";
    echo '$bar == $baz';
    var_dump($bar == $baz); // true

    // Changing values of properties in $qux object will change the property
    // value of $bar and evaluates true always, because $qux = &$bar.
    $qux->foobar = 2;
    echo '$foobar value of both $qux and $bar is 2, because $qux = &$bar' . "<br />";
    echo '$qux->foobar is ' . $qux->foobar . "<br />";
    echo '$bar->foobar is ' . $bar->foobar . "<br />";
    echo '$bar == $qux';
    var_dump($bar == $qux); // true

    // 3. Instances with different attributes (only ==)
    //    What happens when objects have different attributes even though
    //    one of the attributes has same value?
    echo "3. Instances with different attributes (only ==) <br />";

    // Dynamically create a property with the name in $name and value
    // in $value for baz object
    $name = 'newproperty';
    $value = null;
    $baz->createNewProperty($name, $value);
    echo '$baz->newproperty is ' . $baz->{$name};
    var_dump($baz);

    $baz->foobar = 2;
    echo '$foobar' . " value is same again <br />";
    echo '$bar->foobar is ' . $bar->foobar . "<br />";
    echo '$baz->foobar is ' . $baz->foobar . "<br />";
    echo '$bar == $baz';
    var_dump($bar == $baz); // false
    var_dump($bar);
    var_dump($baz);
?>

2015-09-18 00:51:54

PHP双等号==:

在大多数编程语言中，比较操作符(==)一方面检查数据类型，另一方面检查变量的内容是否相等。PHP中的标准比较运算符(==)表现不同。这将尝试在比较之前将两个变量转换为相同的数据类型，然后才检查这些变量的内容是否相同。得到以下结果:

<?php
    var_dump( 1 == 1 );     // true
    var_dump( 1 == '1' );   // true
    var_dump( 1 == 2 );     // false
    var_dump( 1 == '2' );   // false
    var_dump( 1 == true );  // true
    var_dump( 1 == false ); // false
?>

PHP三重等于===:

此操作符还检查变量的数据类型，仅当两个变量具有相同的内容和相同的数据类型时才返回(bool)true。因此，以下是正确的:

<?php
    var_dump( 1 === 1 );     // true
    var_dump( 1 === '1' );   // false
    var_dump( 1 === 2 );     // false
    var_dump( 1 === '2' );   // false
    var_dump( 1 === true );  // false
    var_dump( 1 === false ); // false
?>

更多内容请参见PHP中==和===的区别

2021-01-09 16:03:57