如果担心速度问题，可以使用指针编辑现有字符串。您可以固定字符串并获取指向它的指针，然后在每个字符上运行for循环，用替换字符覆盖每个无效字符。这将是非常有效的，并且不需要分配任何新的字符串内存。为了使用指针，你还需要用不安全选项来编译你的模块，并在方法头中添加“不安全”修饰符。

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    string str = "string!$%with^&*invalid!!characters";
    Console.WriteLine( str ); //print original string
    FixMyString( str, ' ' );
    Console.WriteLine( str ); //print string again to verify that it has been modified
    Console.ReadLine(); //pause to leave command prompt open
}


public static unsafe void FixMyString( string str, char replacement_char )
{
    fixed (char* p_str = str)
    {
        char* c = p_str; //temp pointer, since p_str is read-only
        for (int i = 0; i < str.Length; i++, c++) //loop through each character in string, advancing the character pointer as well
            if (!IsValidChar(*c)) //check whether the current character is invalid
                (*c) = replacement_char; //overwrite character in existing string with replacement character
    }
}

public static bool IsValidChar( char c )
{
    return (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c == '.' || c == '_');
    //return char.IsLetterOrDigit( c ) || c == '.' || c == '_'; //this may work as well
}

我不确定这是最有效的方法，但对我来说很有效

 Public Function RemoverTildes(stIn As String) As String
    Dim stFormD As String = stIn.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormD)
    Dim sb As New StringBuilder()

    For ich As Integer = 0 To stFormD.Length - 1
        Dim uc As UnicodeCategory = CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(stFormD(ich))
        If uc <> UnicodeCategory.NonSpacingMark Then
            sb.Append(stFormD(ich))
        End If
    Next
    Return (sb.ToString().Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormC))
End Function

另一种试图通过减少分配来提高性能的方法，特别是在多次调用此函数的情况下。

它之所以有效，是因为可以保证结果不会比输入长，因此可以在不在内存中创建额外副本的情况下传递输入和输出。因此，您不能使用stackalloc来创建缓冲区数组，因为这需要从缓冲区中复制一个副本。

public static string RemoveSpecialCharacters(this string str)
{
    return RemoveSpecialCharacters(str.AsSpan()).ToString();
}

public static ReadOnlySpan<char> RemoveSpecialCharacters(this ReadOnlySpan<char> str)
{
    Span<char> buffer = new char[str.Length];
    int idx = 0;

    foreach (char c in str)
    {
        if (char.IsLetterOrDigit(c))
        {
            buffer[idx] = c;
            idx++;
        }
    }

    return buffer.Slice(0, idx);
}

除非您真的需要从函数中挤出性能，否则就使用最容易维护和理解的方法。正则表达式是这样的:

为了获得额外的性能，您可以预先编译它，或者只是告诉它在第一次调用时编译(后续调用将更快)。

public static string RemoveSpecialCharacters(string str)
{
    return Regex.Replace(str, "[^a-zA-Z0-9_.]+", "", RegexOptions.Compiled);
}

public static string RemoveSpecialCharacters(string str){
    return str.replaceAll("[^A-Za-z0-9_\\\\.]", "");
}

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

for (int i = 0; i < fName.Length; i++)
{
   if (char.IsLetterOrDigit(fName[i]))
    {
       sb.Append(fName[i]);
    }
}