我认为这取决于资源是如何生产和消费的。如果同时有5个工作对象，并且您有5个消费者对象，那么使用notifyAll()唤醒所有线程是有意义的，这样每个线程都可以处理1个工作对象。

如果您只有一个可用的工作对象，那么唤醒所有使用者对象来争夺这个对象有什么意义呢?第一个检查可用工作的线程将得到它，所有其他线程将检查并发现它们无事可做。

我在这里找到了一个很好的解释。简而言之:

The notify() method is generally used for resource pools, where there are an arbitrary number of "consumers" or "workers" that take resources, but when a resource is added to the pool, only one of the waiting consumers or workers can deal with it. The notifyAll() method is actually used in most other cases. Strictly, it is required to notify waiters of a condition that could allow multiple waiters to proceed. But this is often difficult to know. So as a general rule, if you have no particular logic for using notify(), then you should probably use notifyAll(), because it is often difficult to know exactly what threads will be waiting on a particular object and why.

据我所知，以上所有答案都是正确的，所以我要告诉你一些其他的事情。对于生产代码，您确实应该使用java.util.concurrent中的类。在java的并发性方面，它们几乎没有不能为你做的事情。

我想提一下《Java并发实践》中解释的内容:

第一点，是Notify还是NotifyAll?

It will be NotifyAll, and reason is that it will save from signall hijacking.

If two threads A and B are waiting on different condition predicates of same condition queue and notify is called, then it is upto JVM to which thread JVM will notify. Now if notify was meant for thread A and JVM notified thread B, then thread B will wake up and see that this notification is not useful so it will wait again. And Thread A will never come to know about this missed signal and someone hijacked it's notification. So, calling notifyAll will resolve this issue, but again it will have performance impact as it will notify all threads and all threads will compete for same lock and it will involve context switch and hence load on CPU. But we should care about performance only if it is behaving correctly, if it's behavior itself is not correct then performance is of no use.

这个问题可以通过使用jdk 5中提供的显式锁定Lock的Condition对象来解决，因为它为每个条件谓词提供了不同的等待。在这里，它将表现正确，不会有性能问题，因为它将调用信号，并确保只有一个线程正在等待该条件

注意，对于并发实用程序，您还可以在signal()和signalAll()之间进行选择，因为在那里调用了这些方法。因此，即使使用java.util.concurrent，这个问题仍然有效。

Doug Lea在他著名的书中提出了一个有趣的观点:如果notify()和Thread.interrupt()同时发生，通知实际上可能会丢失。如果可能发生这种情况，并且有显著的影响，notifyAll()是一个更安全的选择，即使您付出了开销的代价(大多数时间唤醒太多线程)。

这里有一个例子。运行它。然后将notifyAll()中的一个更改为notify()，看看会发生什么。

ProducerConsumerExample类

public class ProducerConsumerExample {

    private static boolean Even = true;
    private static boolean Odd = false;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Dropbox dropbox = new Dropbox();
        (new Thread(new Consumer(Even, dropbox))).start();
        (new Thread(new Consumer(Odd, dropbox))).start();
        (new Thread(new Producer(dropbox))).start();
    }
}

Dropbox类

public class Dropbox {

    private int number;
    private boolean empty = true;
    private boolean evenNumber = false;

    public synchronized int take(final boolean even) {
        while (empty || evenNumber != even) {
            try {
                System.out.format("%s is waiting ... %n", even ? "Even" : "Odd");
                wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) { }
        }
        System.out.format("%s took %d.%n", even ? "Even" : "Odd", number);
        empty = true;
        notifyAll();

        return number;
    }

    public synchronized void put(int number) {
        while (!empty) {
            try {
                System.out.println("Producer is waiting ...");
                wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) { }
        }
        this.number = number;
        evenNumber = number % 2 == 0;
        System.out.format("Producer put %d.%n", number);
        empty = false;
        notifyAll();
    }
}

消费阶层

import java.util.Random;

public class Consumer implements Runnable {

    private final Dropbox dropbox;
    private final boolean even;

    public Consumer(boolean even, Dropbox dropbox) {
        this.even = even;
        this.dropbox = dropbox;
    }

    public void run() {
        Random random = new Random();
        while (true) {
            dropbox.take(even);
            try {
                Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(100));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) { }
        }
    }
}

生产类

import java.util.Random;

public class Producer implements Runnable {

    private Dropbox dropbox;

    public Producer(Dropbox dropbox) {
        this.dropbox = dropbox;
    }

    public void run() {
        Random random = new Random();
        while (true) {
            int number = random.nextInt(10);
            try {
                Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(100));
                dropbox.put(number);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) { }
        }
    }
}

线程有三种状态。

WAIT -线程没有使用任何CPU周期 BLOCKED -线程在试图获取监视器时被阻塞。它可能仍在使用CPU周期 RUNNING -线程正在运行。

现在，当调用notify()时，JVM选择一个线程并将其移动到BLOCKED状态，从而将其移动到RUNNING状态，因为没有竞争监视器对象。

当调用notifyAll()时，JVM选取所有线程并将它们移到BLOCKED状态。所有这些线程都将优先获得对象的锁。能够首先获取监视器的线程将能够首先进入RUNNING状态，依此类推。