如果有人还在寻找一个没有依赖的解决方案，如果你有一个文件。

DataInputStream

 byte[] data = new byte[(int) file.length()];
 DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
 dis.readFully(data);
 dis.close();

ByteArrayOutputStream

 InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);
 ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
 int nRead;
 byte[] data = new byte[(int) file.length()];
 while ((nRead = is.read(data, 0, data.length)) != -1) {
     buffer.write(data, 0, nRead);
 }

RandomAccessFile

 RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(file, "r");
 byte[] data = new byte[(int) raf.length()];
 raf.readFully(data);

和往常一样，Spring框架(Spring core从3.2.2开始)也为你提供了一些东西:

你可以完全避免缓冲。

从http://www.exampledepot.com/egs/java.io/File2ByteArray.html复制的代码(是的，它非常冗长，但需要的内存大小是其他解决方案的一半)。

// Returns the contents of the file in a byte array.
public static byte[] getBytesFromFile(File file) throws IOException {
    InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);

    // Get the size of the file
    long length = file.length();

    // You cannot create an array using a long type.
    // It needs to be an int type.
    // Before converting to an int type, check
    // to ensure that file is not larger than Integer.MAX_VALUE.
    if (length > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
        // File is too large
    }

    // Create the byte array to hold the data
    byte[] bytes = new byte[(int)length];

    // Read in the bytes
    int offset = 0;
    int numRead = 0;
    while (offset < bytes.length
           && (numRead=is.read(bytes, offset, bytes.length-offset)) >= 0) {
        offset += numRead;
    }

    // Ensure all the bytes have been read in
    if (offset < bytes.length) {
        throw new IOException("Could not completely read file "+file.getName());
    }

    // Close the input stream and return bytes
    is.close();
    return bytes;
}

我用这个。

public static byte[] toByteArray(InputStream is) throws IOException {
        ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        try {
            byte[] b = new byte[4096];
            int n = 0;
            while ((n = is.read(b)) != -1) {
                output.write(b, 0, n);
            }
            return output.toByteArray();
        } finally {
            output.close();
        }
    }

这是我的复制粘贴版本:

@SuppressWarnings("empty-statement")
public static byte[] inputStreamToByte(InputStream is) throws IOException {
    if (is == null) {
        return null;
    }
    // Define a size if you have an idea of it.
    ByteArrayOutputStream r = new ByteArrayOutputStream(2048);
    byte[] read = new byte[512]; // Your buffer size.
    for (int i; -1 != (i = is.read(read)); r.write(read, 0, i));
    is.close();
    return r.toByteArray();
}

我知道已经太迟了，但我认为这里有更清晰的解决方案，更易于阅读……

/**
 * method converts {@link InputStream} Object into byte[] array.
 * 
 * @param stream the {@link InputStream} Object.
 * @return the byte[] array representation of received {@link InputStream} Object.
 * @throws IOException if an error occurs.
 */
public static byte[] streamToByteArray(InputStream stream) throws IOException {

    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

    int line = 0;
    // read bytes from stream, and store them in buffer
    while ((line = stream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
        // Writes bytes from byte array (buffer) into output stream.
        os.write(buffer, 0, line);
    }
    stream.close();
    os.flush();
    os.close();
    return os.toByteArray();
}