我还试图理解yield关键字。根据我目前的理解，在生成器中，yield关键字就像CPU上下文开关一样。当yield语句运行时，将保存所有状态(例如局部变量)。

除此之外，一个直接的结果对象将返回给调用者，如{value: 0, done: false}。调用者可以使用这个结果对象通过调用next()来决定是否再次“唤醒”生成器(调用next()是为了迭代执行)。

另一个重要的事情是，它可以将一个值设置为一个局部变量。这个值可以在“唤醒”生成器时由“next()”调用者传递。例如，it.next('valueToPass')，就像这样:"resultValue = yield slowQuery(1);"就像唤醒下一次执行时一样，调用者可以向执行注入一些运行结果(注入到局部变量)。因此，对于这个执行，有两种状态:

上次执行时保存的上下文。 这个执行的触发器注入的值。

因此，有了这个特性，生成器可以对多个异步操作进行排序。第一个异步查询的结果将通过设置局部变量(上面例子中的resultValue)传递给第二个异步查询。第二个异步查询只能由第一个异步查询的响应触发。然后第二个异步查询可以检查局部变量值以决定下一步，因为局部变量是第一个查询响应的注入值。

异步查询的困难在于:

回调地狱 除非在回调中将它们作为参数传递，否则将丢失上下文。

产量和发电机可以帮助这两个。

在没有yield和generator的情况下，对多个异步查询进行排序需要以参数为上下文的嵌套回调，不便于读取和维护。

下面是一个使用nodejs运行的链式异步查询示例:

const axios = require('axios');

function slowQuery(url) {        
    axios.get(url)
    .then(function (response) {
            it.next(1);
    })
    .catch(function (error) {
            it.next(0);
    })
}

function* myGen(i=0) {
    let queryResult = 0;

    console.log("query1", queryResult);
    queryResult = yield slowQuery('https://google.com');


    if(queryResult == 1) {
        console.log("query2", queryResult);
        //change it to the correct url and run again.
        queryResult = yield slowQuery('https://1111111111google.com');
    }

    if(queryResult == 1) {
        console.log("query3", queryResult);
        queryResult =  yield slowQuery('https://google.com');
    } else {
        console.log("query4", queryResult);
        queryResult = yield slowQuery('https://google.com');
    }
}

console.log("+++++++++++start+++++++++++");
let it = myGen();
let result = it.next();
console.log("+++++++++++end+++++++++++");

运行结果如下:

+++++++++++ 《削减战略武器条约》 +++++++++++

query1 0

+++++++++++ 新力 +++++++++++

query2 1

query4 0

下面的状态模式可以做类似的事情，上面的例子:

const axios = require('axios');

function slowQuery(url) {
    axios.get(url)
        .then(function (response) {
            sm.next(1);
        })
        .catch(function (error) {
            sm.next(0);
        })
}

class StateMachine {
        constructor () {
            this.handler = handlerA;
            this.next = (result = 1) => this.handler(this, result);
        }
}

const handlerA = (sm, result) => {
                                    const queryResult = result; //similar with generator injection
                                    console.log("query1", queryResult);
                                    slowQuery('https://google.com');
                                    sm.handler = handlerB; //similar with yield;
                                };

const handlerB = (sm, result) => {
                                    const queryResult = result; //similar with generator injection
                                    if(queryResult == 1) {
                                        console.log("query2", queryResult);
                                        slowQuery('https://1111111111google.com');
                                    }
                                    sm.handler = handlerC; //similar with yield;
                                };

const handlerC = (sm, result) => {
                                    const queryResult = result; //similar with generator injection;
                                    if (result == 1 ) {
                                        console.log("query3", queryResult);
                                        slowQuery('https://google.com');
                                    } else {
                                        console.log("query4", queryResult);
                                        slowQuery('https://google.com');
                                    }
                                    sm.handler = handlerEnd; //similar with yield;
                                };

const handlerEnd = (sm, result) => {};

console.log("+++++++++++start+++++++++++");
const sm = new StateMachine();
sm.next();
console.log("+++++++++++end+++++++++++");

运行结果如下:

+++++++++++ 《削减战略武器条约》 +++++++++++

query1 0

+++++++++++ 新力 +++++++++++

query2 1

query4 0

它用于迭代器生成器。基本上，它允许您使用过程代码制作(可能是无限的)序列。请参阅Mozilla的文档。

异步javascript调用之间的依赖关系。

另一个关于如何使用yield的好例子。

函数请求(url) { Axios.get (url).then((response) => { it.next(响应); }) ｝ 函数* main() { Const result1 = yield request('http://some.api.com'); Const result2 = yield request('http://some.otherapi?Id =' + result1。id); console.log('您的响应是:' + result2.value); ｝ Var it = main(); it.next ()

在我看来，MDN文档非常好。

The function containing the yield keyword is a generator. When you call it, its formal parameters are bound to actual arguments, but its body isn't actually evaluated. Instead, a generator-iterator is returned. Each call to the generator-iterator's next() method performs another pass through the iterative algorithm. Each step's value is the value specified by the yield keyword. Think of yield as the generator-iterator version of return, indicating the boundary between each iteration of the algorithm. Each time you call next(), the generator code resumes from the statement following the yield.

Yield还可以使用协程框架来消除回调地狱。

function start(routine, data) {
    result = routine.next(data);
    if(!result.done) {
        result.value(function(err, data) {
            if(err) routine.throw(err); // continue next iteration of routine with an exception
            else start(routine, data);  // continue next iteration of routine normally
        });
    }
}

// with nodejs as 'node --harmony'
fs = require('fs');
function read(path) {
    return function(callback) { fs.readFile(path, {encoding:'utf8'}, callback); };
}

function* routine() {
    text = yield read('/path/to/some/file.txt');
    console.log(text);
}

// with mdn javascript 1.7
http.get = function(url) {
    return function(callback) { 
        // make xhr request object, 
        // use callback(null, resonseText) on status 200,
        // or callback(responseText) on status 500
    };
};

function* routine() {
    text = yield http.get('/path/to/some/file.txt');
    console.log(text);
}

// invoked as.., on both mdn and nodejs

start(routine());

举个简单的例子:

const strArr = ["red", "green", "blue", "black"];

const strGen = function*() {
    for(let str of strArr) {
        yield str;
    }
};

let gen = strGen();

for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    console.log(gen.next())
}

//prints: {value: "red", done: false} -> 5 times with different colors, if you try it again as below:

console.log(gen.next());

//prints: {value: undefined, done: true}