compareAndSet()函数的简单示例:

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; 

public class GFG { 
    public static void main(String args[]) 
    { 

        // Initially value as 0 
        AtomicInteger val = new AtomicInteger(0); 

        // Prints the updated value 
        System.out.println("Previous value: "
                           + val); 

        // Checks if previous value was 0 
        // and then updates it 
        boolean res = val.compareAndSet(0, 6); 

        // Checks if the value was updated. 
        if (res) 
            System.out.println("The value was"
                               + " updated and it is "
                           + val); 
        else
            System.out.println("The value was "
                               + "not updated"); 
      } 
  } 

打印出来的是: 前值:0 该值被更新为6 另一个简单的例子:

    import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; 

public class GFG { 
    public static void main(String args[]) 
    { 

        // Initially value as 0 
        AtomicInteger val 
            = new AtomicInteger(0); 

        // Prints the updated value 
        System.out.println("Previous value: "
                           + val); 

         // Checks if previous value was 0 
        // and then updates it 
        boolean res = val.compareAndSet(10, 6); 

          // Checks if the value was updated. 
          if (res) 
            System.out.println("The value was"
                               + " updated and it is "
                               + val); 
        else
            System.out.println("The value was "
                               + "not updated"); 
    } 
} 

打印出来的是: 前值:0 没有更新该值

如果您查看AtomicInteger具有的方法，您将注意到它们倾向于对应于对int的常见操作。例如:

static AtomicInteger i;

// Later, in a thread
int current = i.incrementAndGet();

是线程安全的版本:

static int i;

// Later, in a thread
int current = ++i;

方法映射如下: ++i是i. incrementandget () i++就是i. getandincrement () ——i是i. decrementandget () i——是i. getanddecrement () I = x = I .set(x) X = I = X = I .get()

还有其他方便的方法，如compareAndSet或addAndGet

AtomicInteger的主要用途是在多线程上下文中，并且需要在不使用synchronized的情况下对整数执行线程安全操作。基本类型int上的赋值和检索已经是原子的，但AtomicInteger附带的许多操作在int上不是原子的。

最简单的是getAndXXX或xXXAndGet。例如，getAndIncrement()是i++的原子等价物，它不是原子的，因为它实际上是三个操作的捷径:检索、加法和赋值。compareAndSet对于实现信号量、锁、锁存器等非常有用。

使用AtomicInteger比使用同步执行相同的操作更快，可读性更强。

一个简单的测试:

public synchronized int incrementNotAtomic() {
    return notAtomic++;
}

public void performTestNotAtomic() {
    final long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    for (int i = 0 ; i < NUM ; i++) {
        incrementNotAtomic();
    }
    System.out.println("Not atomic: "+(System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
}

public void performTestAtomic() {
    final long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    for (int i = 0 ; i < NUM ; i++) {
        atomic.getAndIncrement();
    }
    System.out.println("Atomic: "+(System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
}

在我使用Java 1.6的PC上，原子测试在3秒内运行，而同步测试在5.5秒内运行。这里的问题是同步操作(notatomic++)非常短。所以同步的成本相对于操作来说是非常重要的。

除了原子性，AtomicInteger还可以作为一个可变版本的Integer，例如在map中作为值使用。

compareAndSet()函数的简单示例:

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; 

public class GFG { 
    public static void main(String args[]) 
    { 

        // Initially value as 0 
        AtomicInteger val = new AtomicInteger(0); 

        // Prints the updated value 
        System.out.println("Previous value: "
                           + val); 

        // Checks if previous value was 0 
        // and then updates it 
        boolean res = val.compareAndSet(0, 6); 

        // Checks if the value was updated. 
        if (res) 
            System.out.println("The value was"
                               + " updated and it is "
                           + val); 
        else
            System.out.println("The value was "
                               + "not updated"); 
      } 
  } 

打印出来的是: 前值:0 该值被更新为6 另一个简单的例子:

    import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; 

public class GFG { 
    public static void main(String args[]) 
    { 

        // Initially value as 0 
        AtomicInteger val 
            = new AtomicInteger(0); 

        // Prints the updated value 
        System.out.println("Previous value: "
                           + val); 

         // Checks if previous value was 0 
        // and then updates it 
        boolean res = val.compareAndSet(10, 6); 

          // Checks if the value was updated. 
          if (res) 
            System.out.println("The value was"
                               + " updated and it is "
                               + val); 
        else
            System.out.println("The value was "
                               + "not updated"); 
    } 
} 

打印出来的是: 前值:0 没有更新该值

Atomic classes are not general purpose replacements for java.lang.Integer and related classes. They do not define methods such as equals, hashCode and compareTo. (Because atomic variables are expected to be mutated, they are poor choices for hash table keys.) Additionally, classes are provided only for those types that are commonly useful in intended applications. For example, there is no atomic class for representing byte. In those infrequent cases where you would like to do so, you can use an AtomicInteger to hold byte values, and cast appropriately. You can also hold floats using Float.floatToRawIntBits(float) and Float.intBitsToFloat(int) conversions, and doubles using Double.doubleToRawLongBits(double) and Double.longBitsToDouble(long) conversions.

参考:https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/atomic/package-summary.html

当我需要为可以从多个线程访问或创建的对象提供id时，我通常使用AtomicInteger，并且我通常将它用作我在对象的构造函数中访问的类的静态属性。