给出使用交换的进程的总数和百分比

smem -t -p

来源:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-which-process-is-using-swap/

与@lolotux相同的答案，但有排序输出:

printf 'Computing swap usage...\n';
swap_usages="$(
    SUM=0
    OVERALL=0

    for DIR in `find /proc/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -regex "^/proc/[0-9]+"`
    do
        PID="$(printf '%s' "$DIR" | cut -d / -f 3)"
        PROGNAME=`ps -p $PID -o comm --no-headers`
        for SWAP in `grep VmSwap $DIR/status 2>/dev/null | awk '{ print $2 }'`
        do
            let SUM=$SUM+$SWAP
        done
        if (( $SUM > 0 )); then
            printf "$SUM KB ($PROGNAME) swapped PID=$PID\\n"
        fi
        let OVERALL=$OVERALL+$SUM
        SUM=0
        break
    done
    printf '9999999999 Overall swap used: %s KB\n' "$OVERALL"
)"

printf '%s' "$swap_usages" | sort -nk1

示例输出:

Computing swap usage...
2064 KB (systemd) swapped PID=1
59620 KB (xfdesktop) swapped PID=21405
64484 KB (nemo) swapped PID=763627
66740 KB (teamviewerd) swapped PID=1618
68244 KB (flameshot) swapped PID=84209
763136 KB (plugin_host) swapped PID=1881345
1412480 KB (java) swapped PID=43402
3864548 KB (sublime_text) swapped PID=1881327
9999999999 Overall swap used: 2064 KB

Iotop是一个非常有用的工具。它提供了每个进程/线程的I/O和交换使用情况的实时统计数据。默认情况下，它显示每个线程，但你可以执行iotop -P来获取每个进程的信息。默认情况下，这是不可用的。您可能需要通过rpm/apt安装。

这是我的一句话:

cat /proc/*/status | grep -E 'VmSwap:|Name:' | grep VmSwap -B1 | cut -d':' -f2 | grep -v '\-\-' | grep -o -E '[a-zA-Z0-9]+.*$' | cut -d' ' -f1 | xargs -n2 echo | sort -k2 -n

这一行的步骤是:

Get all the data in /proc/process/status for all processes Select the fields VmSwap and Name for each Remove the processes that don't have the VmSwap field Remove the names of the fields (VmSwap: and Name:) Remove lines with -- that were added by the previous step Remove the spaces at the start of the lines Remove the second part of each process name and " kB" after the swap usage number Take name and number (process name and swap usage) and put them in one line, one after the other Sort the lines by the swap usage

另一种在shell中避免循环的脚本变体:

#!/bin/bash
grep VmSwap /proc/[0-9]*/status | awk -F':' -v sort="$1" '
  {
    split($1,pid,"/") # Split first field on /
    split($3,swp," ") # Split third field on space
    cmdlinefile = "/proc/"pid[3]"/cmdline" # Build the cmdline filepath
    getline pname[pid[3]] < cmdlinefile # Get the command line from pid
    swap[pid[3]] = sprintf("%6i %s",swp[1],swp[2]) # Store the swap used (with unit to avoid rebuilding at print)
    sum+=swp[1] # Sum the swap
  }
  END {
    OFS="\t" # Change the output separator to tabulation
    print "Pid","Swap used","Command line" # Print header
    if(sort) {
      getline max_pid < "/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max"
      for(p=1;p<=max_pid;p++) {
        if(p in pname) print p,swap[p],pname[p] # print the values
      }
    } else {
      for(p in pname) { # Loop over all pids found
        print p,swap[p],pname[p] # print the values
      }
    }
    print "Total swap used:",sum # print the sum
  }'

标准用法是script.sh以随机顺序获取每个程序的使用情况(直到awk如何存储其哈希值)或script.sh 1以pid对输出进行排序。

我希望我已经对代码进行了足够的注释，以说明它的功能。

我不知道如何确切地找到哪个进程正在使用交换空间的直接答案，但是，这个链接可能会有帮助。另一个好例子在这里

另外，使用像htop这样的好工具来查看哪些进程使用了大量内存，以及总体上使用了多少交换空间。