首先，很高兴听到您同事的代码实际上比您见过的其他代码更清晰。这意味着他可能不会用“自记录”作为懒得注释代码的借口。

自文档代码是不需要自由文本注释的代码，以便知情的读者理解它在做什么。例如，这段代码是自记录的:

print "Hello, World!"

这也是:

factorial n = product [1..n]

这也是:

from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup, Tag

def replace_a_href_with_span(soup):
    links = soup.findAll("a")
    for link in links:
        tag = Tag(soup, "span", [("class", "looksLikeLink")])
        tag.contents = link.contents
        link.replaceWith(tag)

现在，“知情读者”这个概念是非常主观和情境化的。如果你或其他人在遵循同事的代码方面遇到了困难，那么他最好重新评估一下他对博学读者的看法。为了调用代码自文档化，必须假定对所使用的语言和库有一定程度的熟悉。

我所见过的关于编写“自文档化代码”的最佳论据是，它避免了自由文本注释与代码编写时不一致的问题。最好的批评是，虽然代码可以描述它自己在做什么以及如何做，但它不能解释为什么某些事情会以某种方式完成。

好的设计结构有助于指出，有些函数是通用的，有些是随机的业务逻辑，即使你没有评论说“这个函数是通用的”。

We should not forget about design and specification documentation though. Those have or at least should have much of the texts that are not necessarily needed in comments. Software often have also user manuals and other description documents, and those should be in sync with what the program does. The situation is not great if the user has to find out what the software does from the source code instead of a manual. So self documenting code still doesn't mean that the actual software has been documented.

还要考虑功能的可跟踪性。当你有了你的手册，那么你应该能够追踪到源代码的特性，并返回更好的可维护性。手册和规范与编程没有太大关系，但它们与软件工程有关。软件越大，需要的工程设计就越多。

来自非评论阵营的一些观点。

“注释良好”(冗长)的代码更难阅读和理解。首先，有更多的文本需要扫描。它增加了理解CodeBase的认知努力——非功能性文本占用了屏幕上可以用来显示代码的空间。

注释的另一个大问题是它们不可靠——尤其是在旧的代码库中，注释腐烂比位腐烂发生得更快。

当然，还有写评论的工作。除了偶尔的一行注释之外，每次我开始注释代码时，都会有两种负罪感

这个信息需要在整个支持文档中 我需要清理我的代码

自文档代码是一个很容易解决的问题，随着时间的推移，代码、注释和文档会出现分歧。编写清晰的代码也是一个约束因素(如果你对自己有那么严格的话)。

对我来说，以下是我努力遵循的规则:

Code should be as easy and clear to read as possible. Comments should give reasons for design decisions I took, like: why do I use this algorithm, or limitations the code has, like: does not work when ... (this should be handled in a contract/assertion in the code) (usually within the function/procedure). Documentation should list usage (calling converntions), side effects, possible return values. It can be extracted from code using tools like jDoc or xmlDoc. It therefore usually is outside the function/procedure, but close to the code it describes.

这意味着所有三种记录代码的方法都很接近，因此更有可能在代码更改时被更改，但它们所表达的内容并不重叠。

Self documenting code is code that is trivially easy to understand. Variable naming goes a long way to making code self documenting, but i find the best tactic is to break any complicated logic down into tiny little chunks and refactor that information into seperate methods with verbose and informative names. Then your complicated methods become simply a list of steps to be performed. The tiny private helper methods then are documented sufficiently by their own method name and the complicated methods are documented as a sequence of abstract steps to be performed. In practice this strategy cannot always be applied perfectly so comments are still very useful. Plus you should never completely abandon any tool which will help you write code that is easier to understand.

“自文档化”代码背后的思想是，代码中的实际程序逻辑非常清楚，不仅可以向阅读代码的人解释代码在做什么，还可以向他们解释为什么要这样做。

在我看来，真正的自文档代码的想法是一个神话。代码可以告诉您正在发生的事情背后的逻辑，但它不能解释为什么要以某种方式完成，特别是如果有不止一种方法来解决问题。仅仅因为这个原因，它永远不能取代注释良好的代码。