OOP中的多态性意味着一个类可以有不同的类型，继承是实现多态性的一种方式。

for example, Shape is an interface, it has Square, Circle, Diamond subtypes. now you have a Square object, you can upcasting Square to Shape automatically, because Square is a Shape. But when you try to downcasting Shape to Square, you must do explicit type casting, because you can't say Shape is Square, it could be Circle as well. so you need manually cast it with code like Square s = (Square)shape, what if the shape is Circle, you will get java.lang.ClassCastException, because Circle is not Square.

从理解和应用PHP多态性，感谢Steve Guidetti。

Polymorphism is a long word for a very simple concept. Polymorphism describes a pattern in object oriented programming in which classes have different functionality while sharing a common interface. The beauty of polymorphism is that the code working with the different classes does not need to know which class it is using since they’re all used the same way. A real world analogy for polymorphism is a button. Everyone knows how to use a button: you simply apply pressure to it. What a button “does,” however, depends on what it is connected to and the context in which it is used — but the result does not affect how it is used. If your boss tells you to press a button, you already have all the information needed to perform the task. In the programming world, polymorphism is used to make applications more modular and extensible. Instead of messy conditional statements describing different courses of action, you create interchangeable objects that you select based on your needs. That is the basic goal of polymorphism.

在面向对象语言中，多态性允许通过同一个接口处理和处理不同的数据类型。例如，考虑c++中的继承: 类B派生自类A。类型为A*的指针(指向类A的指针)可以用来处理类A的对象和类B的对象。

让我们打个比方。对于一个特定的音乐剧本，每个演奏它的音乐家都有自己的诠释。

音乐家可以用接口抽象，音乐家所属的流派可以是一个抽象类，它定义了一些全局解释规则，每个演奏的音乐家都可以用具体类建模。

如果你是音乐作品的听众，你可以参考剧本，例如巴赫的“富加与托卡塔”，每个演奏它的音乐家都以自己的方式多态地演奏。

这只是一个可能的设计示例(在Java中):

public interface Musician {
  public void play(Work work);
}

public interface Work {
  public String getScript();
}

public class FugaAndToccata implements Work {
  public String getScript() {
    return Bach.getFugaAndToccataScript();
  }
}

public class AnnHalloway implements Musician {
  public void play(Work work) {
    // plays in her own style, strict, disciplined
    String script = work.getScript()
  }
}

public class VictorBorga implements Musician {
  public void play(Work work) {
    // goofing while playing with superb style
    String script = work.getScript()
  }
}

public class Listener {
  public void main(String[] args) {
    Musician musician;
    if (args!=null && args.length > 0 && args[0].equals("C")) {
      musician = new AnnHalloway();
    } else {
      musician = new TerryGilliam();
    }
    musician.play(new FugaAndToccata());
}

我为另一个问题提供了多态性的高级概述:

c++中的多态性

希望能有所帮助。一个提取…

.．.从简单的测试和[多态性]定义开始会有所帮助。考虑下面的代码:

Type1 x;
Type2 y;

f(x);
f(y);

这里，f()是执行一些操作，并被赋予值x和y作为输入。要具有多态性，f()必须能够操作至少两种不同类型的值(例如int和double)，查找并执行适合类型的代码。

(继续在Polymorphism in c++)

我知道这是一个有很多好答案的老问题，但我想用一句话来回答:

将派生类型视为其基类型。

上面有很多例子可以说明这一点，但我觉得这是一个很好的简明答案。