我也写了自己的bash脚本来转储所有在命令行传递的jar所需的Java版本…我的有点粗糙，但适合我;-)

示例使用

$ jar_dump_version_of_jvm_required.sh *.jar
JVM VERSION REQUIRED: 46.0, /private/tmp/jars/WEB-INF/lib/json-simple-1.1.jar
JVM VERSION REQUIRED: 49.0, /private/tmp/jars/WEB-INF/lib/json-smart-1.1.1.jar
JVM VERSION REQUIRED: 50.0, /private/tmp/jars/WEB-INF/lib/jsontoken-1.0.jar
JVM VERSION REQUIRED: 50.0, /private/tmp/jars/WEB-INF/lib/jsr166y-1.7.0.jar

jar_dump_version_of_jvm_required.sh

#!/bin/bash

DIR=$(PWD)
function show_help()
{
  ME=$(basename $0)
  IT=$(cat <<EOF

  Dumps the version of the JVM required to run the classes in a jar file

  usage: $ME JAR_FILE

  e.g. 

  $ME myFile.jar    ->  VERSION: 50.0     myFile.jar

  Java versions are:
  54 = Java 10
  53 = Java 9
  52 = Java 8
  51 = Java 7
  50 = Java 6
  49 = Java 5
  48 = Java 1.4
  47 = Java 1.3
  46 = Java 1.2
  45.3 = Java 1.1

EOF
  )
  echo "$IT"
  exit
}

if [ "$1" == "help" ]
then
  show_help
fi
if [ -z "$1" ]
then
  show_help
fi

function unzipJarToTmp()
{
  JAR=$1
  CLASS_FILE=$(jar -tf "$JAR" | grep \.class$ | grep -v '\$' | head -n1 | awk '{print $NF}')
  OUT_FILE="$CLASS_FILE"
  #echo "J=$JAR C=$CLASS_FILE O=$OUT_FILE"
  jar xf "$JAR" "$CLASS_FILE"

  MAJOR=$(javap -v "$OUT_FILE" 2>&1 | grep major | awk -F' ' '{print $3'})
  MINOR=$(javap -v "$OUT_FILE" 2>&1 | grep minor | awk -F' ' '{print $3'})
  if [ -z "$MAJOR" ]
  then
    echo "JVM VERSION REQUIRED: NA as no classes in $JAR"
  else
    echo "JVM VERSION REQUIRED: $MAJOR.$MINOR, $JAR"
  fi
}

# loop over cmd line args
for JAR in "$@"
do
  cd "$DIR"
  JAR_UID=$(basename "$JAR" | sed s/.jar//g)
  TMPDIR=/tmp/jar_dump/$JAR_UID/
  mkdir -p "$TMPDIR"
  JAR_ABS_PATH=$(realpath $JAR)

  cd "$TMPDIR"

  #echo "$JAR_ABS_PATH"
  unzipJarToTmp "$JAR_ABS_PATH"
  #sleep 2
done

根据@David J. Liszewski的回答，我运行以下命令在Ubuntu上提取jar文件的清单:

# Determine the manifest file name:
$ jar tf LuceneSearch.jar | grep -i manifest
META-INF/MANIFEST.MF

# Extract the file:
$ sudo jar xf LuceneSearch.jar META-INF/MANIFEST.MF

# Print the file's contents:
$ more META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest-Version: 1.0
Ant-Version: Apache Ant 1.8.2
Created-By: 1.7.0_25-b30 (Oracle Corporation)
Main-Class: org.wikimedia.lsearch.config.StartupManager

每个类文件都嵌入了字节代码级别的版本号，JVM使用该版本号来查看它是否喜欢特定的字节代码块。Java 1.4是48,Java 1.5是49,Java 6是50。

有许多编译器可以在每个级别生成字节代码，javac使用“-target”选项来指示要生成哪个字节代码级别，Java 6 javac可以生成至少1.4、1.5和6级的字节代码。我不相信编译器插入任何可以识别编译器本身，这是我认为你要求的。Eclipse编译器也越来越多地被使用，因为它是一个单独的jar，只能与JRE一起运行。

在jar文件中通常有许多类，并且每个类都是独立的，因此您需要研究jar中的所有类，以确定内容的特征。

我基于david的建议使用file命令构建了一个小bash脚本(在github上)

你检查jar的Manifest文件 例子:

Manifest-Version: 1.0 创建者:1.6.0 (IBM Corporation)

我也写了自己的bash脚本来转储所有在命令行传递的jar所需的Java版本…我的有点粗糙，但适合我;-)

示例使用

$ jar_dump_version_of_jvm_required.sh *.jar
JVM VERSION REQUIRED: 46.0, /private/tmp/jars/WEB-INF/lib/json-simple-1.1.jar
JVM VERSION REQUIRED: 49.0, /private/tmp/jars/WEB-INF/lib/json-smart-1.1.1.jar
JVM VERSION REQUIRED: 50.0, /private/tmp/jars/WEB-INF/lib/jsontoken-1.0.jar
JVM VERSION REQUIRED: 50.0, /private/tmp/jars/WEB-INF/lib/jsr166y-1.7.0.jar

jar_dump_version_of_jvm_required.sh

#!/bin/bash

DIR=$(PWD)
function show_help()
{
  ME=$(basename $0)
  IT=$(cat <<EOF

  Dumps the version of the JVM required to run the classes in a jar file

  usage: $ME JAR_FILE

  e.g. 

  $ME myFile.jar    ->  VERSION: 50.0     myFile.jar

  Java versions are:
  54 = Java 10
  53 = Java 9
  52 = Java 8
  51 = Java 7
  50 = Java 6
  49 = Java 5
  48 = Java 1.4
  47 = Java 1.3
  46 = Java 1.2
  45.3 = Java 1.1

EOF
  )
  echo "$IT"
  exit
}

if [ "$1" == "help" ]
then
  show_help
fi
if [ -z "$1" ]
then
  show_help
fi

function unzipJarToTmp()
{
  JAR=$1
  CLASS_FILE=$(jar -tf "$JAR" | grep \.class$ | grep -v '\$' | head -n1 | awk '{print $NF}')
  OUT_FILE="$CLASS_FILE"
  #echo "J=$JAR C=$CLASS_FILE O=$OUT_FILE"
  jar xf "$JAR" "$CLASS_FILE"

  MAJOR=$(javap -v "$OUT_FILE" 2>&1 | grep major | awk -F' ' '{print $3'})
  MINOR=$(javap -v "$OUT_FILE" 2>&1 | grep minor | awk -F' ' '{print $3'})
  if [ -z "$MAJOR" ]
  then
    echo "JVM VERSION REQUIRED: NA as no classes in $JAR"
  else
    echo "JVM VERSION REQUIRED: $MAJOR.$MINOR, $JAR"
  fi
}

# loop over cmd line args
for JAR in "$@"
do
  cd "$DIR"
  JAR_UID=$(basename "$JAR" | sed s/.jar//g)
  TMPDIR=/tmp/jar_dump/$JAR_UID/
  mkdir -p "$TMPDIR"
  JAR_ABS_PATH=$(realpath $JAR)

  cd "$TMPDIR"

  #echo "$JAR_ABS_PATH"
  unzipJarToTmp "$JAR_ABS_PATH"
  #sleep 2
done