我如何用c#优雅地做到这一点?
例如,一个数字可以是1到100之间。
我知道一个简单的if (x >= 1 && x <= 100)就足够了;但是有很多语法糖和新特性不断添加到c# /。Net这个问题是关于更习惯的(一个可以称之为优雅的)写法。
性能不是问题,但请在非O(1)的解决方案中添加性能说明,因为人们可能会复制粘贴建议。
我如何用c#优雅地做到这一点?
例如,一个数字可以是1到100之间。
我知道一个简单的if (x >= 1 && x <= 100)就足够了;但是有很多语法糖和新特性不断添加到c# /。Net这个问题是关于更习惯的(一个可以称之为优雅的)写法。
性能不是问题,但请在非O(1)的解决方案中添加性能说明,因为人们可能会复制粘贴建议。
当前回答
关于优雅,最接近数学符号(a <= x <= b)的方法略微提高了可读性:
public static bool IsBetween(this int value, int min, int max)
{
return min <= value && value <= max;
}
为了进一步说明:
public static bool IsOutside(this int value, int min, int max)
{
return value < min || max < value;
}
其他回答
我会创建一个Range对象,就像这样:
public class Range<T> where T : IComparable
{
public T InferiorBoundary{get;private set;}
public T SuperiorBoundary{get;private set;}
public Range(T inferiorBoundary, T superiorBoundary)
{
InferiorBoundary = inferiorBoundary;
SuperiorBoundary = superiorBoundary;
}
public bool IsWithinBoundaries(T value){
return InferiorBoundary.CompareTo(value) > 0 && SuperiorBoundary.CompareTo(value) < 0;
}
}
那么你可以这样使用它:
Range<int> myRange = new Range<int>(1,999);
bool isWithinRange = myRange.IsWithinBoundaries(3);
这样你就可以在其他类型中重用它。
这些是一些可以提供帮助的扩展方法
public static bool IsInRange<T>(this T value, T min, T max)
where T : System.IComparable<T>
{
return value.IsGreaterThenOrEqualTo(min) && value.IsLessThenOrEqualTo(max);
}
public static bool IsLessThenOrEqualTo<T>(this T value, T other)
where T : System.IComparable<T>
{
var result = value.CompareTo(other);
return result == -1 || result == 0;
}
public static bool IsGreaterThenOrEqualTo<T>(this T value, T other)
where T : System.IComparable<T>
{
var result = value.CompareTo(other);
return result == 1 || result == 0;
}
像这样的怎么样?
if (theNumber.isBetween(low, high, IntEx.Bounds.INCLUSIVE_INCLUSIVE))
{
}
扩展方法如下(已测试):
public static class IntEx
{
public enum Bounds
{
INCLUSIVE_INCLUSIVE,
INCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE,
EXCLUSIVE_INCLUSIVE,
EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE
}
public static bool isBetween(this int theNumber, int low, int high, Bounds boundDef)
{
bool result;
switch (boundDef)
{
case Bounds.INCLUSIVE_INCLUSIVE:
result = ((low <= theNumber) && (theNumber <= high));
break;
case Bounds.INCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE:
result = ((low <= theNumber) && (theNumber < high));
break;
case Bounds.EXCLUSIVE_INCLUSIVE:
result = ((low < theNumber) && (theNumber <= high));
break;
case Bounds.EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE:
result = ((low < theNumber) && (theNumber < high));
break;
default:
throw new System.ArgumentException("Invalid boundary definition argument");
}
return result;
}
}
我使用下一个“优雅”的解决方案:
using static System.Linq.Enumerable;
int x = 30;
if (Range(1,100).Contains(x)) //true
来自微软文档
using static指令适用于任何具有静态成员(或嵌套类型)的类型,即使它也具有实例成员。但是,实例成员只能通过类型实例调用。
你可以访问一个类型的静态成员,而不需要用类型名限定访问:
但这对许多人来说并不简单,因为Enumerable。Range有第一个参数start和第二个参数count。 所以这种检查可能在特定情况下有用,比如当你使用Enumerable时。范围的foreach循环,在开始之前,您想知道,如果循环将执行。
例如:
int count = 100;
int x = 30;
if (!Range(1, count).Contains(x)) {
Console.WriteLine("Do nothing!");
return;
}
foreach (var i in Range(1, count)) {
// Some job here
}
如果是为了验证方法参数,没有一个解决方案会抛出argumentoutofranceexception,并允许简单/适当地配置包含/排除的最小/最大值。
像这样使用
public void Start(int pos)
{
pos.CheckRange(nameof(pos), min: 0);
if (pos.IsInRange(max: 100, maxInclusive: false))
{
// ...
}
}
我只是写出了这些漂亮的函数。它还具有对有效值没有分支(单个if)的优点。最难的部分是制作适当的异常消息。
/// <summary>
/// Returns whether specified value is in valid range.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of data to validate.</typeparam>
/// <param name="value">The value to validate.</param>
/// <param name="min">The minimum valid value.</param>
/// <param name="minInclusive">Whether the minimum value is valid.</param>
/// <param name="max">The maximum valid value.</param>
/// <param name="maxInclusive">Whether the maximum value is valid.</param>
/// <returns>Whether the value is within range.</returns>
public static bool IsInRange<T>(this T value, T? min = null, bool minInclusive = true, T? max = null, bool maxInclusive = true)
where T : struct, IComparable<T>
{
var minValid = min == null || (minInclusive && value.CompareTo(min.Value) >= 0) || (!minInclusive && value.CompareTo(min.Value) > 0);
var maxValid = max == null || (maxInclusive && value.CompareTo(max.Value) <= 0) || (!maxInclusive && value.CompareTo(max.Value) < 0);
return minValid && maxValid;
}
/// <summary>
/// Validates whether specified value is in valid range, and throws an exception if out of range.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of data to validate.</typeparam>
/// <param name="value">The value to validate.</param>
/// <param name="name">The name of the parameter.</param>
/// <param name="min">The minimum valid value.</param>
/// <param name="minInclusive">Whether the minimum value is valid.</param>
/// <param name="max">The maximum valid value.</param>
/// <param name="maxInclusive">Whether the maximum value is valid.</param>
/// <returns>The value if valid.</returns>
public static T CheckRange<T>(this T value, string name, T? min = null, bool minInclusive = true, T? max = null, bool maxInclusive = true)
where T : struct, IComparable<T>
{
if (!value.IsInRange(min, minInclusive, max, maxInclusive))
{
if (min.HasValue && minInclusive && max.HasValue && maxInclusive)
{
var message = "{0} must be between {1} and {2}.";
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(name, value, message.FormatInvariant(name, min, max));
}
else
{
var messageMin = min.HasValue ? GetOpText(true, minInclusive).FormatInvariant(min) : null;
var messageMax = max.HasValue ? GetOpText(false, maxInclusive).FormatInvariant(max) : null;
var message = (messageMin != null && messageMax != null) ?
"{0} must be {1} and {2}." :
"{0} must be {1}.";
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(name, value, message.FormatInvariant(name, messageMin ?? messageMax, messageMax));
}
}
return value;
}
private static string GetOpText(bool greaterThan, bool inclusive)
{
return (greaterThan && inclusive) ? "greater than or equal to {0}" :
greaterThan ? "greater than {0}" :
inclusive ? "less than or equal to {0}" :
"less than {0}";
}
public static string FormatInvariant(this string format, params object?[] args) => string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, format, args);