如果你感兴趣，我在这里的格式下从git信息自动管理版本号

<major>.<minor>.<patch>-b<build>

其中build是提交的总数。您将在Makefile中看到有趣的代码。下面是相关部分访问不同部分的版本号:

LAST_TAG_COMMIT = $(shell git rev-list --tags --max-count=1)
LAST_TAG = $(shell git describe --tags $(LAST_TAG_COMMIT) )
TAG_PREFIX = "latex-tutorial-v"

VERSION  = $(shell head VERSION)
# OR try to guess directly from the last git tag
#VERSION    = $(shell  git describe --tags $(LAST_TAG_COMMIT) | sed "s/^$(TAG_PREFIX)//")
MAJOR      = $(shell echo $(VERSION) | sed "s/^\([0-9]*\).*/\1/")
MINOR      = $(shell echo $(VERSION) | sed "s/[0-9]*\.\([0-9]*\).*/\1/")
PATCH      = $(shell echo $(VERSION) | sed "s/[0-9]*\.[0-9]*\.\([0-9]*\).*/\1/")
# total number of commits       
BUILD      = $(shell git log --oneline | wc -l | sed -e "s/[ \t]*//g")

#REVISION   = $(shell git rev-list $(LAST_TAG).. --count)
#ROOTDIR    = $(shell git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
NEXT_MAJOR_VERSION = $(shell expr $(MAJOR) + 1).0.0-b$(BUILD)
NEXT_MINOR_VERSION = $(MAJOR).$(shell expr $(MINOR) + 1).0-b$(BUILD)
NEXT_PATCH_VERSION = $(MAJOR).$(MINOR).$(shell expr $(PATCH) + 1)-b$(BUILD)

对于有Ant构建流程的人，您可以通过以下目标在git上生成项目的版本号:

<target name="generate-version">

    <exec executable="git" outputproperty="version.revisions">
        <arg value="log"/>
        <arg value="--oneline"/>
    </exec>

    <resourcecount property="version.revision" count="0" when="eq">
        <tokens>
            <concat>
                <filterchain>
                    <tokenfilter>
                        <stringtokenizer delims="\r" />
                    </tokenfilter>
                </filterchain>
            <propertyresource name="version.revisions" />
            </concat>
        </tokens>
    </resourcecount>
    <echo>Revision : ${version.revision}</echo>

    <exec executable="git" outputproperty="version.hash">
        <arg value="rev-parse"/>
        <arg value="--short"/>
        <arg value="HEAD"/>
    </exec>
    <echo>Hash : ${version.hash}</echo>


    <exec executable="git" outputproperty="version.branch">
        <arg value="rev-parse"/>
        <arg value="--abbrev-ref"/>
        <arg value="HEAD"/>
    </exec>
    <echo>Branch : ${version.branch}</echo>

    <exec executable="git" outputproperty="version.diff">
        <arg value="diff"/>
    </exec>

    <condition property="version.dirty" value="" else="-dirty">
        <equals arg1="${version.diff}" arg2=""/>
    </condition>

    <tstamp>
        <format property="version.date" pattern="yyyy-mm-dd.HH:mm:ss" locale="en,US"/>
    </tstamp>
    <echo>Date : ${version.date}</echo>

    <property name="version" value="${version.revision}.${version.hash}.${version.branch}${version.dirty}.${version.date}" />

    <echo>Version : ${version}</echo>

    <echo file="version.properties" append="false">version = ${version}</echo>

</target>

结果如下所示:

generate-version:
    [echo] Generate version
    [echo] Revision : 47
    [echo] Hash : 2af0b99
    [echo] Branch : master
    [echo] Date : 2015-04-20.15:04:03
    [echo] Version : 47.2af0b99.master-dirty.2015-04-20.15:04:03

当生成版本号时有文件未提交时，此处会出现脏标志。因为通常，当构建/打包应用程序时，每个代码修改都必须在存储库中。

每个提交都有一个唯一的散列。除此之外，git中没有修订号。如果您想要更加用户友好，就必须自己标记提交。

这是我在基于其他解决方案的makefile中所做的。注意，这不仅为代码提供了一个修订号，还附加了允许您重新创建版本的散列。

# Set the source control revision similar to subversion to use in 'c'
# files as a define.
# You must build in the master branch otherwise the build branch will
# be prepended to the revision and/or "dirty" appended. This is to
# clearly ID developer builds.
REPO_REVISION_:=$(shell git rev-list HEAD --count)
BUILD_BRANCH:=$(shell git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)
BUILD_REV_ID:=$(shell git rev-parse HEAD)
BUILD_REV_ID_SHORT:=$(shell git describe --long --tags --dirty --always)
ifeq ($(BUILD_BRANCH), master)
REPO_REVISION:=$(REPO_REVISION_)_g$(BUILD_REV_ID_SHORT)
else
REPO_REVISION:=$(BUILD_BRANCH)_$(REPO_REVISION_)_r$(BUILD_REV_ID_SHORT)
endif
export REPO_REVISION
export BUILD_BRANCH
export BUILD_REV_ID

提交的SHA1哈希值相当于Subversion修订号。

我编写了一些PowerShell实用程序，用于从Git中检索版本信息并简化标记

函数:Get-LastVersion, Get-Revision, Get-NextMajorVersion, Get-NextMinorVersion, TagNextMajorVersion, TagNextMinorVersion:

# Returns the last version by analysing existing tags,
# assumes an initial tag is present, and
# assumes tags are named v{major}.{minor}.[{revision}]
#
function Get-LastVersion(){
  $lastTagCommit = git rev-list --tags --max-count=1
  $lastTag = git describe --tags $lastTagCommit
  $tagPrefix = "v"
  $versionString = $lastTag -replace "$tagPrefix", ""
  Write-Host -NoNewline "last tagged commit "
  Write-Host -NoNewline -ForegroundColor "yellow" $lastTag
  Write-Host -NoNewline " revision "
  Write-Host -ForegroundColor "yellow" "$lastTagCommit"
  [reflection.assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Version")

  $version = New-Object System.Version($versionString)
  return $version;
}

# Returns current revision by counting the number of commits to HEAD
function Get-Revision(){
   $lastTagCommit = git rev-list HEAD
   $revs  = git rev-list $lastTagCommit |  Measure-Object -Line
   return $revs.Lines
}

# Returns the next major version {major}.{minor}.{revision}
function Get-NextMajorVersion(){
    $version = Get-LastVersion;
    [reflection.assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Version")
    [int] $major = $version.Major+1;
    $rev = Get-Revision
    $nextMajor = New-Object System.Version($major, 0, $rev);
    return $nextMajor;
}

# Returns the next minor version {major}.{minor}.{revision}
function Get-NextMinorVersion(){
    $version = Get-LastVersion;
    [reflection.assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Version")
    [int] $minor = $version.Minor+1;
    $rev = Get-Revision
    $next = New-Object System.Version($version.Major, $minor, $rev);
    return $next;
}

# Creates a tag with the next minor version
function TagNextMinorVersion($tagMessage){
    $version = Get-NextMinorVersion;
    $tagName = "v{0}" -f "$version".Trim();
    Write-Host -NoNewline "Tagging next minor version to ";
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor DarkYellow "$tagName";
    git tag -a $tagName -m $tagMessage
}

# Creates a tag with the next major version (minor version starts again at 0)
function TagNextMajorVersion($tagMessage){
    $version = Get-NextMajorVersion;
    $tagName = "v{0}" -f "$version".Trim();
    Write-Host -NoNewline "Tagging next majo version to ";
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor DarkYellow "$tagName";
    git tag -a $tagName -m $tagMessage
}