我只是想指出另一种可能的方法-那就是使用git git-notes(1)，自v 1.6.6 (Self - git的注释)以来就存在(我使用的是git版本1.7.9.5)。

基本上，我使用git svn克隆了一个具有线性历史的svn存储库(没有标准布局、没有分支、没有标记)，并且我想比较克隆的git存储库中的修订号。默认情况下，这个git克隆没有标签，所以我不能使用git describe。这里的策略可能只适用于线性历史-不确定它将如何与合并等;但基本策略如下:

Ask git rev-list for list of all commit history Since rev-list is by default in "reverse chronological order", we'd use its --reverse switch to get list of commits sorted by oldest first Use bash shell to increase a counter variable on each commit as a revision counter, generate and add a "temporary" git note for each commit Then, browse the log by using git log with --notes, which will also dump a commit's note, which in this case would be the "revision number" When done, erase the temporary notes (NB: I'm not sure if these notes are committed or not; they don't really show in git status)

首先，让我们注意到git有一个默认的笔记位置-但你也可以为笔记指定一个ref(erence) -它会将它们存储在.git下的另一个目录中;例如，在git repo文件夹中，你可以调用git notes get-ref来查看该目录:

$ git notes get-ref
refs/notes/commits
$ git notes --ref=whatever get-ref
refs/notes/whatever

需要注意的是，如果你的注释添加了——ref，你也必须在之后再次使用该引用-否则你可能会得到像“没有为对象XXX找到注释…”这样的错误。

对于这个示例，我选择将注释的引用称为“linrev”(用于线性修订)——这也意味着该过程不太可能干扰已经存在的注释。我也使用——git-dir开关，因为是一个git新手，我有一些问题理解它-所以我想“记住以后”:);并且我还使用——no-pager来抑制生成较少时使用git日志。

假设你在一个目录下，子文件夹myrepo_git是一个git仓库;你可以这样做:

### check for already existing notes:

$ git --git-dir=./myrepo_git/.git notes show
# error: No note found for object 04051f98ece25cff67e62d13c548dacbee6c1e33.
$ git --git-dir=./myrepo_git/.git notes --ref=linrev show
# error: No note found for object 04051f98ece25cff67e62d13c548dacbee6c1e33.

### iterate through rev-list three, oldest first,
### create a cmdline adding a revision count as note to each revision

$ ix=0; for ih in $(git --git-dir=./myrepo_git/.git rev-list --reverse HEAD); do \
  TCMD="git --git-dir=./myrepo_git/.git notes --ref linrev"; \
  TCMD="$TCMD add $ih -m \"(r$((++ix)))\""; \
  echo "$TCMD"; \
  eval "$TCMD"; \
done

# git --git-dir=./myrepo_git/.git notes --ref linrev add 6886bbb7be18e63fc4be68ba41917b48f02e09d7 -m "(r1)"
# git --git-dir=./myrepo_git/.git notes --ref linrev add f34910dbeeee33a40806d29dd956062d6ab3ad97 -m "(r2)"
# ...
# git --git-dir=./myrepo_git/.git notes --ref linrev add 04051f98ece25cff67e62d13c548dacbee6c1e33 -m "(r15)"

### check status - adding notes seem to not affect it:

$ cd myrepo_git/
$ git status
# # On branch master
# nothing to commit (working directory clean)
$ cd ../

### check notes again:

$ git --git-dir=./myrepo_git/.git notes show
# error: No note found for object 04051f98ece25cff67e62d13c548dacbee6c1e33.
$ git --git-dir=./myrepo_git/.git notes --ref=linrev show
# (r15)

### note is saved - now let's issue a `git log` command, using a format string and notes:

$ git --git-dir=./myrepo_git/.git --no-pager log --notes=linrev --format=format:"%h: %an: %ad:  >>%s<< %N" HEAD
# 04051f9: _user_: Sun Apr 21 18:29:02 2013 +0000:  >>test message 15 << (r15)
# 77f3902: _user_: Sun Apr 21 18:29:00 2013 +0000:  >>test message 14<< (r14)
# ...
# 6886bbb: _user_: Sun Apr 21 17:11:52 2013 +0000:  >>initial test message 1<< (r1)

### test git log with range:

$ git --git-dir=./myrepo_git/.git --no-pager log --notes=linrev --format=format:"%h: %an: %ad:  >>%s<< %N" HEAD^..HEAD
# 04051f9: _user_: Sun Apr 21 18:29:02 2013 +0000:  >>test message 15 << (r15)

### erase notes - again must iterate through rev-list

$ ix=0; for ih in $(git --git-dir=./myrepo_git/.git rev-list --reverse HEAD); do \
  TCMD="git --git-dir=./myrepo_git/.git notes --ref linrev"; \
  TCMD="$TCMD remove $ih"; \
  echo "$TCMD"; \
  eval "$TCMD"; \
done
# git --git-dir=./myrepo_git/.git notes --ref linrev remove 6886bbb7be18e63fc4be68ba41917b48f02e09d7
# Removing note for object 6886bbb7be18e63fc4be68ba41917b48f02e09d7
# git --git-dir=./myrepo_git/.git notes --ref linrev remove f34910dbeeee33a40806d29dd956062d6ab3ad97
# Removing note for object f34910dbeeee33a40806d29dd956062d6ab3ad97
# ...
# git --git-dir=./myrepo_git/.git notes --ref linrev remove 04051f98ece25cff67e62d13c548dacbee6c1e33
# Removing note for object 04051f98ece25cff67e62d13c548dacbee6c1e33

### check notes again:

$ git --git-dir=./myrepo_git/.git notes show
# error: No note found for object 04051f98ece25cff67e62d13c548dacbee6c1e33.
$ git --git-dir=./myrepo_git/.git notes --ref=linrev show
# error: No note found for object 04051f98ece25cff67e62d13c548dacbee6c1e33.

因此，至少在我的完全线性历史没有分支的特定情况下，修订号似乎与这种方法相匹配-此外，似乎这种方法将允许使用修订范围的git log，同时仍然获得正确的修订号- YMMV具有不同的上下文，尽管…

希望这能帮助到一些人， 干杯!

编辑:好的，这里稍微简单一点，上面的循环有git别名，叫做setlinrev和unsetlinrev;当在你的git仓库文件夹中，do(注意讨厌的bash转义，参见#16136745 -添加一个包含分号的git别名):

cat >> .git/config <<"EOF"
[alias]
  setlinrev = "!bash -c 'ix=0; for ih in $(git rev-list --reverse HEAD); do \n\
      TCMD=\"git notes --ref linrev\"; \n\
      TCMD=\"$TCMD add $ih -m \\\"(r\\$((++ix)))\\\"\"; \n\
      #echo \"$TCMD\"; \n\
      eval \"$TCMD\"; \n\
    done; \n\
    echo \"Linear revision notes are set.\" '"

  unsetlinrev = "!bash -c 'ix=0; for ih in $(git rev-list --reverse HEAD); do \n\
      TCMD=\"git notes --ref linrev\"; \n\
      TCMD=\"$TCMD remove $ih\"; \n\
      #echo \"$TCMD\"; \n\
      eval \"$TCMD 2>/dev/null\"; \n\
    done; \n\
    echo \"Linear revision notes are unset.\" '"
EOF

．.． 所以你可以在尝试做线性修订笔记的日志之前简单地调用git setlinrev;和git unsetlinrev删除这些笔记当你完成;一个来自git repo目录的例子:

$ git log --notes=linrev --format=format:"%h: %an: %ad:  >>%s<< %N" HEAD^..HEAD
04051f9: _user_: Sun Apr 21 18:29:02 2013 +0000:  >>test message 15 <<

$ git setlinrev
Linear revision notes are set.
$ git log --notes=linrev --format=format:"%h: %an: %ad:  >>%s<< %N" HEAD^..HEAD
04051f9: _user_: Sun Apr 21 18:29:02 2013 +0000:  >>test message 15 << (r15)
$ git unsetlinrev
Linear revision notes are unset.

$ git log --notes=linrev --format=format:"%h: %an: %ad:  >>%s<< %N" HEAD^..HEAD
04051f9: _user_: Sun Apr 21 18:29:02 2013 +0000:  >>test message 15 <<

shell完成这些别名所需的时间取决于存储库历史记录的大小。

Git没有与subversion相同的版本号概念。相反，使用提交生成的每个给定快照都被标记为SHA1校验和。为什么?在分布式版本控制系统中运行revno有几个问题:

首先，由于开发根本不是线性的，数字的附加作为一个问题很难以一种满足程序员需求的方式解决。试图通过添加一个数字来解决这个问题，当这个数字没有像您期望的那样表现时，可能很快就会出现问题。

第二，修订号可以在不同的机器上生成。这使得数字的同步变得更加困难——特别是因为连接是单向的;您甚至可能无法访问拥有存储库的所有计算机。

第三，在git中，在某种程度上是由现在已经不存在的OpenCM系统首创的，提交的身份(提交是什么)等同于它的名称(SHA id)。这种命名=身份的概念非常强烈。当你手上有一个提交名称时，它也会以一种不可伪造的方式标识提交。这反过来又让您可以使用git fsck命令检查所有提交到第一个初始提交的文件是否损坏。

Now, since we have a DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) of revisions and these constitute the current tree, we need some tools to solve your problem: How do we discriminate different versions. First, you can omit part of the hash if a given prefix, 1516bd say, uniquely identifies your commit. But this is also rather contrived. Instead, the trick is to use tags and or branches. A tag or branch is akin to a "yellow stick it note" you attach to a given commit SHA1-id. Tags are, in essence, meant to be non-moving whereas a branch will move when new commits are made to its HEAD. There are ways to refer to a commit around a tag or branch, see the man page of git-rev-parse.

通常，如果您需要处理特定的代码段，则该代码段正在进行更改，因此应该是具有特定主题名称的分支。创建大量的分支(每个程序员20-30个分支也不是没听说过，还有4-5个发布给其他人工作)是有效git的诀窍。每一项工作都应该作为自己的分支开始，然后在测试时被合并。未发布的分支可以完全重写，这部分破坏历史的部分是git的力量。

当改变被接受为主人时，它就有些冻结了，变成了考古学。在这一点上，您可以标记它，但更多情况下，对特定提交的引用是通过sha1 sum在错误跟踪器或问题跟踪器中进行的。标签倾向于为版本颠簸保留，为维护分支保留分支点(用于旧版本)。

其他的海报是对的，没有“修订号”。

我认为最好的方法是使用标签来“发布”!

但是我使用下面的代码来伪造修订号(只是为了让客户端看到修订和进度，因为他们想从git中获得与使用subversion时相同的不断增加的修订)。

显示“HEAD”的“当前版本”是通过使用下面的代码来模拟的:

git rev-list HEAD | wc -l

但是如果客户告诉我“修订版”1302中有一个错误怎么办?

为此，我在~/.gitconfig的[alias]部分添加了以下内容:

show-rev-number = ! sh - c的git rev-list——扭转头|问| awk \“{如果(\ \ 1美元= = " $ 0”){打印\ \ $ 2}}\”的

使用git show-rev-number 1302将打印“revision”的哈希值:)

前段时间我写了一篇关于这个“技巧”的博文(德语)。

这是我在基于其他解决方案的makefile中所做的。注意，这不仅为代码提供了一个修订号，还附加了允许您重新创建版本的散列。

# Set the source control revision similar to subversion to use in 'c'
# files as a define.
# You must build in the master branch otherwise the build branch will
# be prepended to the revision and/or "dirty" appended. This is to
# clearly ID developer builds.
REPO_REVISION_:=$(shell git rev-list HEAD --count)
BUILD_BRANCH:=$(shell git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)
BUILD_REV_ID:=$(shell git rev-parse HEAD)
BUILD_REV_ID_SHORT:=$(shell git describe --long --tags --dirty --always)
ifeq ($(BUILD_BRANCH), master)
REPO_REVISION:=$(REPO_REVISION_)_g$(BUILD_REV_ID_SHORT)
else
REPO_REVISION:=$(BUILD_BRANCH)_$(REPO_REVISION_)_r$(BUILD_REV_ID_SHORT)
endif
export REPO_REVISION
export BUILD_BRANCH
export BUILD_REV_ID

我编写了一些PowerShell实用程序，用于从Git中检索版本信息并简化标记

函数:Get-LastVersion, Get-Revision, Get-NextMajorVersion, Get-NextMinorVersion, TagNextMajorVersion, TagNextMinorVersion:

# Returns the last version by analysing existing tags,
# assumes an initial tag is present, and
# assumes tags are named v{major}.{minor}.[{revision}]
#
function Get-LastVersion(){
  $lastTagCommit = git rev-list --tags --max-count=1
  $lastTag = git describe --tags $lastTagCommit
  $tagPrefix = "v"
  $versionString = $lastTag -replace "$tagPrefix", ""
  Write-Host -NoNewline "last tagged commit "
  Write-Host -NoNewline -ForegroundColor "yellow" $lastTag
  Write-Host -NoNewline " revision "
  Write-Host -ForegroundColor "yellow" "$lastTagCommit"
  [reflection.assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Version")

  $version = New-Object System.Version($versionString)
  return $version;
}

# Returns current revision by counting the number of commits to HEAD
function Get-Revision(){
   $lastTagCommit = git rev-list HEAD
   $revs  = git rev-list $lastTagCommit |  Measure-Object -Line
   return $revs.Lines
}

# Returns the next major version {major}.{minor}.{revision}
function Get-NextMajorVersion(){
    $version = Get-LastVersion;
    [reflection.assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Version")
    [int] $major = $version.Major+1;
    $rev = Get-Revision
    $nextMajor = New-Object System.Version($major, 0, $rev);
    return $nextMajor;
}

# Returns the next minor version {major}.{minor}.{revision}
function Get-NextMinorVersion(){
    $version = Get-LastVersion;
    [reflection.assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Version")
    [int] $minor = $version.Minor+1;
    $rev = Get-Revision
    $next = New-Object System.Version($version.Major, $minor, $rev);
    return $next;
}

# Creates a tag with the next minor version
function TagNextMinorVersion($tagMessage){
    $version = Get-NextMinorVersion;
    $tagName = "v{0}" -f "$version".Trim();
    Write-Host -NoNewline "Tagging next minor version to ";
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor DarkYellow "$tagName";
    git tag -a $tagName -m $tagMessage
}

# Creates a tag with the next major version (minor version starts again at 0)
function TagNextMajorVersion($tagMessage){
    $version = Get-NextMajorVersion;
    $tagName = "v{0}" -f "$version".Trim();
    Write-Host -NoNewline "Tagging next majo version to ";
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor DarkYellow "$tagName";
    git tag -a $tagName -m $tagMessage
}

除了提交的SHA-1 id，服务器时间的日期和时间也有帮助吗?

就像这样:

Commit happened at 11:30:25 on 2013年8月19日将显示为 6886年bbb7be18e63fc4be68ba41917b48f02e09d7_19aug2013_113025