尽管已有大量的答案，但在我看来，没有一个能解释这里涉及的实际机制。它的元编程;它利用了以下两个事实:

您可以动态地修改模块/类 模块/类声明本身就是可执行代码

好吧，想象一下:

class Nameable
  def self.named(whatvalue)
    define_method :name do whatvalue end
  end
end

我们声明了一个名为which的类方法，当用值调用时，创建一个名为name的实例方法，该实例方法返回该值。这就是元编程的部分。

现在我们将子类化这个类:

class Dog < Nameable
  named "Fido"
end

我们刚才到底做了什么?在类声明中，可执行代码执行时引用了类。因此，简单的单词named实际上是对类方法named的调用，它继承自Nameable;我们传递字符串“Fido”作为参数。

命名的类方法是做什么的?它创建一个名为name的实例方法，该方法返回该值。现在，在幕后，Dog有一个这样的方法:

def name
   "Fido"
end

不相信我?然后看这个小动作:

puts Dog.new.name #=> Fido

我为什么要告诉你这些?因为我刚才对Nameable所做的和attr_accessor对Module所做的几乎完全一样。当您使用attr_accessor时，您正在调用创建实例方法的类方法(继承自Module)。特别是，它为实例属性创建了一个getter和setter方法，实例属性的名称是您提供的参数，这样您就不必自己编写这些getter和setter方法。

The main functionality of attr_accessor over the other ones is the capability of accessing data from other files. So you usually would have attr_reader or attr_writer but the good news is that Ruby lets you combine these two together with attr_accessor. I think of it as my to go method because it is more well rounded or versatile. Also, peep in mind that in Rails, this is eliminated because it does it for you in the back end. So in other words: you are better off using attr_acessor over the other two because you don't have to worry about being to specific, the accessor covers it all. I know this is more of a general explanation but it helped me as a beginner.

希望这对你有所帮助!

另一种理解它的方法是通过attr_accessor找出它消除了哪些错误代码。

例子:

class BankAccount    
  def initialize( account_owner )
    @owner = account_owner
    @balance = 0
  end

  def deposit( amount )
    @balance = @balance + amount
  end

  def withdraw( amount )
    @balance = @balance - amount
  end
end

有以下几种方法:

$ bankie = BankAccout.new("Iggy")
$ bankie 
$ bankie.deposit(100)
$ bankie.withdraw(5)

下面的方法会抛出错误:

$ bankie.owner     #undefined method `owner'... 
$ bankie.balance   #undefined method `balance'...

从技术上讲，Owner和balance不是一个方法，而是一个属性。BankAccount类没有def owner和def balance。如果是，那么您可以使用下面的两个命令。但这两个方法都不存在。但是，您可以访问属性，就像通过attr_accessor访问方法一样!!因此有了attr_accessor这个词。属性。访问器。它像访问方法一样访问属性。

添加attr_accessor:balance，:owner允许你读写balance和owner“method”。现在您可以使用最后两个方法。

$ bankie.balance
$ bankie.owner

简单的解释，没有任何代码

以上大多数答案都使用代码。这个解释试图通过一个类比/故事来回答这个问题:

外界不能接触CIA内部机密

Let's imagine a really secret place: the CIA. Nobody knows what's happening in the CIA apart from the people inside the CIA. In other words, external people cannot access any information in the CIA. But because it's no good having an organisation that is completely secret, certain information is made available to the outside world - only things that the CIA wants everyone to know about of course: e.g. the Director of the CIA, how environmentally friendly this department is compared to all other government departments etc. Other information: e.g. who are its covert operatives in Iraq or Afghanistan - these types of things will probably remain a secret for the next 150 years. If you're outside the CIA you can only access the information that it has made available to the public. Or to use CIA parlance you can only access information that is "cleared". The information that the CIA wants to make available to the general public outside the CIA are called: attributes.

读写属性的含义:

In the case of the CIA, most attributes are "read only". This means if you are a party external to the CIA, you can ask: "who is the director of the CIA?" and you will get a straight answer. But what you cannot do with "read only" attributes is to make changes changes in the CIA. e.g. you cannot make a phone call and suddenly decide that you want Kim Kardashian to be the Director, or that you want Paris Hilton to be the Commander in Chief. If the attributes gave you "write" access, then you could make changes if you want to, even if you were outside. Otherwise, the only thing you can do is read. In other words accessors allow you to make inquiries, or to make changes, to organisations that otherwise do not let external people in, depending on whether the accessors are read or write accessors.

类中的对象可以很容易地相互访问

另一方面，如果你已经在中央情报局内部，那么你可以很容易地打电话给你在喀布尔的中央情报局特工，因为这些信息很容易获得，因为你已经在里面了。但如果你不在中情局之外，你根本就没有权限:你不能知道他们是谁(读权限)，你也不能改变他们的任务(写权限)。

类也是如此，你可以访问其中的变量、属性和方法。HTH !任何问题，请问，我希望我能澄清。

如果你熟悉面向对象的概念，你必须熟悉getter和setter方法。 在Ruby中attr_accessor做同样的事情。

Getter和Setter的一般方式

class Person
  def name
    @name
  end

  def name=(str)
    @name = str
  end
end

person = Person.new
person.name = 'Eshaan'
person.name # => "Eshaan"

Setter方法

def name=(val)
  @name = val
end

Getter方法

def name
  @name
end

在Ruby中的Getter和Setter方法

class Person
  attr_accessor :name
end

person = Person.new
person.name = "Eshaan"
person.name # => "Eshaan"

Attr_accessor(如@pst所述)只是一个方法。它的作用是为你创建更多的方法。

这段代码:

class Foo
  attr_accessor :bar
end

等价于下面的代码:

class Foo
  def bar
    @bar
  end
  def bar=( new_value )
    @bar = new_value
  end
end

你可以自己用Ruby编写这样的方法:

class Module
  def var( method_name )
    inst_variable_name = "@#{method_name}".to_sym
    define_method method_name do
      instance_variable_get inst_variable_name
    end
    define_method "#{method_name}=" do |new_value|
      instance_variable_set inst_variable_name, new_value
    end
  end
end

class Foo
  var :bar
end

f = Foo.new
p f.bar     #=> nil
f.bar = 42
p f.bar     #=> 42