我认为让新手和程序员(比如我自己)困惑的部分原因是:

“为什么我不能告诉实例它有任何给定的属性(例如，名称)，并一次性为该属性赋值?”

更一般化一点，但这就是我的想法:

考虑到:

class Person
end

我们还没有将Person定义为可以有名称或任何其他属性的东西。

那么如果我们

baby = Person.new

.．.试着给它们起个名字…

baby.name = "Ruth"

我们得到一个错误，因为在Rubyland中，对象的Person类不是与“名称”相关联或不具有“名称”的东西……然而!

但是我们可以使用任何给定的方法(参见前面的回答)来说明，“Person类(baby)的实例现在可以有一个名为'name'的属性，因此我们不仅有了获取和设置该名称的语法方法，而且这样做对我们来说是有意义的。”

再一次，从一个稍微不同和更一般的角度来解决这个问题，但我希望这有助于Person类的下一个实例找到这个线程的方法。

它只是一个为实例变量定义getter和setter方法的方法。一个示例实现如下:

def self.attr_accessor(*names)
  names.each do |name|
    define_method(name) {instance_variable_get("@#{name}")} # This is the getter
    define_method("#{name}=") {|arg| instance_variable_set("@#{name}", arg)} # This is the setter
  end
end

Attr_accessor非常简单:

attr_accessor :foo

是以下操作的快捷方式:

def foo=(val)
  @foo = val
end

def foo
  @foo
end

它只不过是一个对象的getter/setter

定义此模块的命名属性，其中名称为symbol。Id2name，创建实例变量(@name)和读取它的相应访问方法。还创建一个名为name=的方法来设置属性。

module Mod
  attr_accessor(:one, :two)
end
Mod.instance_methods.sort   #=> [:one, :one=, :two, :two=]

简单地说，它将为类定义setter和getter。

请注意,

attr_reader :v is equivalant to 
def v
  @v
end

attr_writer :v is equivalant to
def v=(value)
  @v=value
end

So

attr_accessor :v which means 
attr_reader :v; attr_writer :v 

等效于为类定义setter和getter。

简单的解释，没有任何代码

以上大多数答案都使用代码。这个解释试图通过一个类比/故事来回答这个问题:

外界不能接触CIA内部机密

Let's imagine a really secret place: the CIA. Nobody knows what's happening in the CIA apart from the people inside the CIA. In other words, external people cannot access any information in the CIA. But because it's no good having an organisation that is completely secret, certain information is made available to the outside world - only things that the CIA wants everyone to know about of course: e.g. the Director of the CIA, how environmentally friendly this department is compared to all other government departments etc. Other information: e.g. who are its covert operatives in Iraq or Afghanistan - these types of things will probably remain a secret for the next 150 years. If you're outside the CIA you can only access the information that it has made available to the public. Or to use CIA parlance you can only access information that is "cleared". The information that the CIA wants to make available to the general public outside the CIA are called: attributes.

读写属性的含义:

In the case of the CIA, most attributes are "read only". This means if you are a party external to the CIA, you can ask: "who is the director of the CIA?" and you will get a straight answer. But what you cannot do with "read only" attributes is to make changes changes in the CIA. e.g. you cannot make a phone call and suddenly decide that you want Kim Kardashian to be the Director, or that you want Paris Hilton to be the Commander in Chief. If the attributes gave you "write" access, then you could make changes if you want to, even if you were outside. Otherwise, the only thing you can do is read. In other words accessors allow you to make inquiries, or to make changes, to organisations that otherwise do not let external people in, depending on whether the accessors are read or write accessors.

类中的对象可以很容易地相互访问

另一方面，如果你已经在中央情报局内部，那么你可以很容易地打电话给你在喀布尔的中央情报局特工，因为这些信息很容易获得，因为你已经在里面了。但如果你不在中情局之外，你根本就没有权限:你不能知道他们是谁(读权限)，你也不能改变他们的任务(写权限)。

类也是如此，你可以访问其中的变量、属性和方法。HTH !任何问题，请问，我希望我能澄清。