在Django表单中，我如何使字段只读(或禁用)?
当使用表单创建新条目时，应该启用所有字段——但当记录处于更新模式时，某些字段需要为只读。
例如，当创建一个新的Item模型时，所有字段都必须是可编辑的，但是在更新记录时，是否有一种方法禁用sku字段，使其可见，但不能编辑?
class Item(models.Model):
sku = models.CharField(max_length=50)
description = models.CharField(max_length=200)
added_by = models.ForeignKey(User)
class ItemForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Item
exclude = ('added_by')
def new_item_view(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = ItemForm(request.POST)
# Validate and save
else:
form = ItemForm()
# Render the view
ItemForm类可以重用吗?ItemForm或Item模型类需要做哪些更改?我是否需要编写另一个类“ItemUpdateForm”来更新项目?
def update_item_view(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = ItemUpdateForm(request.POST)
# Validate and save
else:
form = ItemUpdateForm()
为了使ForeignKey字段能够正常工作，需要做一些更改。首先，SELECT HTML标记没有readonly属性。我们需要使用disabled="disabled"来代替。但是，浏览器不会为该字段返回任何表单数据。因此，我们需要将该字段设置为非必需，以便该字段能够正确验证。然后，我们需要将值重置为以前的值，这样它就不会被设置为空白。
所以对于外键，你需要做如下的事情:
class ItemForm(ModelForm):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(ItemForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
instance = getattr(self, 'instance', None)
if instance and instance.id:
self.fields['sku'].required = False
self.fields['sku'].widget.attrs['disabled'] = 'disabled'
def clean_sku(self):
# As shown in the above answer.
instance = getattr(self, 'instance', None)
if instance:
return instance.sku
else:
return self.cleaned_data.get('sku', None)
通过这种方式，浏览器不会让用户更改字段，并且总是POST，因为它是空的。然后重写clean方法，将字段的值设置为实例中的原始值。
我做了一个MixIn类，你可以继承能够添加一个read_only iterable字段，将禁用和安全的字段在非第一次编辑:
(根据Daniel和Muhuk的回答)
from django import forms
from django.db.models.manager import Manager
# I used this instead of lambda expression after scope problems
def _get_cleaner(form, field):
def clean_field():
value = getattr(form.instance, field, None)
if issubclass(type(value), Manager):
value = value.all()
return value
return clean_field
class ROFormMixin(forms.BaseForm):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(ROFormMixin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
if hasattr(self, "read_only"):
if self.instance and self.instance.pk:
for field in self.read_only:
self.fields[field].widget.attrs['readonly'] = "readonly"
setattr(self, "clean_" + field, _get_cleaner(self, field))
# Basic usage
class TestForm(AModelForm, ROFormMixin):
read_only = ('sku', 'an_other_field')
另外两种(类似的)方法和一个通用的例子:
1)第一种方法-删除save()方法中的字段，例如(未测试;)):
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
for fname in self.readonly_fields:
if fname in self.cleaned_data:
del self.cleaned_data[fname]
return super(<form-name>, self).save(*args,**kwargs)
2)第二种方法-在clean方法中将字段重置为初始值:
def clean_<fieldname>(self):
return self.initial[<fieldname>] # or getattr(self.instance, fieldname)
基于第二种方法，我将其概括为:
from functools import partial
class <Form-name>(...):
def __init__(self, ...):
...
super(<Form-name>, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
...
for i, (fname, field) in enumerate(self.fields.iteritems()):
if fname in self.readonly_fields:
field.widget.attrs['readonly'] = "readonly"
field.required = False
# set clean method to reset value back
clean_method_name = "clean_%s" % fname
assert clean_method_name not in dir(self)
setattr(self, clean_method_name, partial(self._clean_for_readonly_field, fname=fname))
def _clean_for_readonly_field(self, fname):
""" will reset value to initial - nothing will be changed
needs to be added dynamically - partial, see init_fields
"""
return self.initial[fname] # or getattr(self.instance, fieldname)
我也遇到了同样的问题，所以我创建了一个Mixin，它似乎适用于我的用例。
class ReadOnlyFieldsMixin(object):
readonly_fields =()
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
for field in (field for name, field in self.fields.iteritems() if name in self.readonly_fields):
field.widget.attrs['disabled'] = 'true'
field.required = False
def clean(self):
cleaned_data = super(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin,self).clean()
for field in self.readonly_fields:
cleaned_data[field] = getattr(self.instance, field)
return cleaned_data
用法，只需定义哪些必须是只读的:
class MyFormWithReadOnlyFields(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, MyForm):
readonly_fields = ('field1', 'field2', 'fieldx')
基于yamiack的回答，我找到了一个更好的、非常简单的解决方案，它也可以处理ModelMultipleChoiceField字段。
从表单中删除字段。Cleaned_data禁止保存字段:
class ReadOnlyFieldsMixin(object):
readonly_fields = ()
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
for field in (field for name, field in self.fields.iteritems() if
name in self.readonly_fields):
field.widget.attrs['disabled'] = 'true'
field.required = False
def clean(self):
for f in self.readonly_fields:
self.cleaned_data.pop(f, None)
return super(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, self).clean()
用法:
class MyFormWithReadOnlyFields(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, MyForm):
readonly_fields = ('field1', 'field2', 'fieldx')
