我在Reddit上读到jng的一篇精彩的解释，用里程表做类比。

It is a useful convention. The same circuits and logic operations that add / subtract positive numbers in binary still work on both positive and negative numbers if using the convention, that's why it's so useful and omnipresent. Imagine the odometer of a car, it rolls around at (say) 99999. If you increment 00000 you get 00001. If you decrement 00000, you get 99999 (due to the roll-around). If you add one back to 99999 it goes back to 00000. So it's useful to decide that 99999 represents -1. Likewise, it is very useful to decide that 99998 represents -2, and so on. You have to stop somewhere, and also by convention, the top half of the numbers are deemed to be negative (50000-99999), and the bottom half positive just stand for themselves (00000-49999). As a result, the top digit being 5-9 means the represented number is negative, and it being 0-4 means the represented is positive - exactly the same as the top bit representing sign in a two's complement binary number. Understanding this was hard for me too. Once I got it and went back to re-read the books articles and explanations (there was no internet back then), it turned out a lot of those describing it didn't really understand it. I did write a book teaching assembly language after that (which did sell quite well for 10 years).

最简单的答案:

1111 + 1 =(1)0000。所以1111一定是-1。那么-1 + 1 = 0。

理解这些对我来说是完美的。

按位补一个数就是将其中的所有位翻转。对2的补位，我们翻转所有的位，加1。

对有符号整数使用2的补码表示，我们应用2的补码操作将正数转换为负数，反之亦然。因此，以nibbles为例，0001(1)变成1111(-1)，并再次应用该操作，返回0001。

零处操作的行为有利于给出零的单一表示，而无需特别处理正零和负零。0000与1111互补，当1111加1时。溢出到0000，得到一个0，而不是一个正1和一个负1。

这种表示的一个关键优点是，用于无符号整数的标准加法电路在应用于它们时产生正确的结果。例如，在nibbles中添加1和-1:0001 + 1111，比特溢出寄存器，留下0000。

作为一个温和的介绍，优秀的Computerphile制作了一个关于这个主题的视频。

我在Reddit上读到jng的一篇精彩的解释，用里程表做类比。

It is a useful convention. The same circuits and logic operations that add / subtract positive numbers in binary still work on both positive and negative numbers if using the convention, that's why it's so useful and omnipresent. Imagine the odometer of a car, it rolls around at (say) 99999. If you increment 00000 you get 00001. If you decrement 00000, you get 99999 (due to the roll-around). If you add one back to 99999 it goes back to 00000. So it's useful to decide that 99999 represents -1. Likewise, it is very useful to decide that 99998 represents -2, and so on. You have to stop somewhere, and also by convention, the top half of the numbers are deemed to be negative (50000-99999), and the bottom half positive just stand for themselves (00000-49999). As a result, the top digit being 5-9 means the represented number is negative, and it being 0-4 means the represented is positive - exactly the same as the top bit representing sign in a two's complement binary number. Understanding this was hard for me too. Once I got it and went back to re-read the books articles and explanations (there was no internet back then), it turned out a lot of those describing it didn't really understand it. I did write a book teaching assembly language after that (which did sell quite well for 10 years).

2对给定数的补数是1与1的补数相加得到的数。

假设我们有一个二进制数:10111001101

它的1的补位是:01000110010

它的2的补数是:01000110011

这是一种对负整数进行编码的聪明方法，该方法将数据类型中大约一半的位组合保留给负整数，并且将大多数负整数与其对应的正整数相加会导致进位溢出，使结果为二进制零。

因此，在2的补码中，如果1是0x0001，那么-1是0x1111，因为这将导致0x0000的组合和(溢出1)。