这是一个非常多功能的树打印机。不是最好看的，但能处理很多案子。如果你能弄清楚，可以随意添加斜杠。

package com.tomac120.NodePrinter;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by elijah on 6/28/16.
 */
public class NodePrinter{
    final private List<List<PrintableNodePosition>> nodesByRow;
    int maxColumnsLeft = 0;
    int maxColumnsRight = 0;
    int maxTitleLength = 0;
    String sep = " ";
    int depth = 0;

    public NodePrinter(PrintableNode rootNode, int chars_per_node){
        this.setDepth(rootNode,1);
        nodesByRow = new ArrayList<>(depth);
        this.addNode(rootNode._getPrintableNodeInfo(),0,0);
        for (int i = 0;i<chars_per_node;i++){
            //sep += " ";
        }
    }

    private void setDepth(PrintableNode info, int depth){
        if (depth > this.depth){
            this.depth = depth;
        }
        if (info._getLeftChild() != null){
            this.setDepth(info._getLeftChild(),depth+1);
        }
        if (info._getRightChild() != null){
            this.setDepth(info._getRightChild(),depth+1);
        }
    }

    private void addNode(PrintableNodeInfo node, int level, int position){
        if (position < 0 && -position > maxColumnsLeft){
            maxColumnsLeft = -position;
        }
        if (position > 0 && position > maxColumnsRight){
            maxColumnsRight = position;
        }
        if (node.getTitleLength() > maxTitleLength){
           maxTitleLength = node.getTitleLength();
        }
        List<PrintableNodePosition> row = this.getRow(level);
        row.add(new PrintableNodePosition(node, level, position));
        level++;

        int depthToUse = Math.min(depth,6);
        int levelToUse = Math.min(level,6);
        int offset = depthToUse - levelToUse-1;
        offset = (int)(Math.pow(offset,Math.log(depthToUse)*1.4));
        offset = Math.max(offset,3);


        PrintableNodeInfo leftChild = node.getLeftChildInfo();
        PrintableNodeInfo rightChild = node.getRightChildInfo();
        if (leftChild != null){
            this.addNode(leftChild,level,position-offset);
        }
        if (rightChild != null){
            this.addNode(rightChild,level,position+offset);
        }
    }

    private List<PrintableNodePosition> getRow(int row){
        if (row > nodesByRow.size() - 1){
            nodesByRow.add(new LinkedList<>());
        }
        return nodesByRow.get(row);
    }

    public void print(){
        int max_chars = this.maxColumnsLeft+maxColumnsRight+1;
        int level = 0;
        String node_format = "%-"+this.maxTitleLength+"s";
        for (List<PrintableNodePosition> pos_arr : this.nodesByRow){
            String[] chars = this.getCharactersArray(pos_arr,max_chars);
            String line = "";
            int empty_chars = 0;
            for (int i=0;i<chars.length+1;i++){
                String value_i = i < chars.length ? chars[i]:null;
                if (chars.length + 1 == i || value_i != null){
                    if (empty_chars > 0) {
                        System.out.print(String.format("%-" + empty_chars + "s", " "));
                    }
                    if (value_i != null){
                        System.out.print(String.format(node_format,value_i));
                        empty_chars = -1;
                    } else{
                        empty_chars = 0;
                    }
                } else {
                    empty_chars++;
                }
            }
            System.out.print("\n");

            int depthToUse = Math.min(6,depth);
            int line_offset = depthToUse - level;
            line_offset *= 0.5;
            line_offset = Math.max(0,line_offset);

            for (int i=0;i<line_offset;i++){
                System.out.println("");
            }


            level++;
        }
    }

    private String[] getCharactersArray(List<PrintableNodePosition> nodes, int max_chars){
        String[] positions = new String[max_chars+1];
        for (PrintableNodePosition a : nodes){
            int pos_i = maxColumnsLeft + a.column;
            String title_i = a.nodeInfo.getTitleFormatted(this.maxTitleLength);
            positions[pos_i] = title_i;
        }
        return positions;
    }
}

NodeInfo类

package com.tomac120.NodePrinter;

/**
 * Created by elijah on 6/28/16.
 */
public class PrintableNodeInfo {
    public enum CLI_PRINT_COLOR {
        RESET("\u001B[0m"),
        BLACK("\u001B[30m"),
        RED("\u001B[31m"),
        GREEN("\u001B[32m"),
        YELLOW("\u001B[33m"),
        BLUE("\u001B[34m"),
        PURPLE("\u001B[35m"),
        CYAN("\u001B[36m"),
        WHITE("\u001B[37m");

        final String value;
        CLI_PRINT_COLOR(String value){
            this.value = value;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return value;
        }
    }
    private final String title;
    private final PrintableNode leftChild;
    private final PrintableNode rightChild;
    private final CLI_PRINT_COLOR textColor;

    public PrintableNodeInfo(String title, PrintableNode leftChild, PrintableNode rightChild){
        this(title,leftChild,rightChild,CLI_PRINT_COLOR.BLACK);
    }

    public PrintableNodeInfo(String title, PrintableNode leftChild, PrintableNode righthild, CLI_PRINT_COLOR textColor){
        this.title = title;
        this.leftChild = leftChild;
        this.rightChild = righthild;
        this.textColor = textColor;
    }

    public String getTitle(){
        return title;
    }

    public CLI_PRINT_COLOR getTextColor(){
        return textColor;
    }

    public String getTitleFormatted(int max_chars){
        return this.textColor+title+CLI_PRINT_COLOR.RESET;
        /*
        String title = this.title.length() > max_chars ? this.title.substring(0,max_chars+1):this.title;
        boolean left = true;
        while(title.length() < max_chars){
            if (left){
                title = " "+title;
            } else {
                title = title + " ";
            }
        }
        return this.textColor+title+CLI_PRINT_COLOR.RESET;*/
    }

    public int getTitleLength(){
        return title.length();
    }

    public PrintableNodeInfo getLeftChildInfo(){
        if (leftChild == null){
            return null;
        }
        return leftChild._getPrintableNodeInfo();
    }

    public PrintableNodeInfo getRightChildInfo(){
        if (rightChild == null){
            return null;
        }
        return rightChild._getPrintableNodeInfo();
    }
}

NodePosition类

package com.tomac120.NodePrinter;

/**
 * Created by elijah on 6/28/16.
 */
public class PrintableNodePosition implements Comparable<PrintableNodePosition> {
    public final int row;
    public final int column;
    public final PrintableNodeInfo nodeInfo;
    public PrintableNodePosition(PrintableNodeInfo nodeInfo, int row, int column){
        this.row = row;
        this.column = column;
        this.nodeInfo = nodeInfo;
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(PrintableNodePosition o) {
        return Integer.compare(this.column,o.column);
    }
}

最后是节点接口

package com.tomac120.NodePrinter;

/**
 * Created by elijah on 6/28/16.
 */
public interface PrintableNode {
    PrintableNodeInfo _getPrintableNodeInfo();
    PrintableNode _getLeftChild();
    PrintableNode _getRightChild();
}

迈克尔。克鲁兹曼，我不得不说，这人不错。这很有用。

然而，上面的方法只适用于个位数:如果您要使用多个数字，结构将会错位，因为您使用的是空格而不是制表符。

至于我后来的代码，我需要更多的数字，所以我自己编写了一个程序。

它现在有一些bug，现在我感觉很懒去纠正它们，但它打印得非常漂亮，节点可以接受更大数量的数字。

这棵树不会像问题提到的那样，但它旋转了270度:)

public static void printBinaryTree(TreeNode root, int level){
    if(root==null)
         return;
    printBinaryTree(root.right, level+1);
    if(level!=0){
        for(int i=0;i<level-1;i++)
            System.out.print("|\t");
        System.out.println("|-------"+root.val);
    }
    else
        System.out.println(root.val);
    printBinaryTree(root.left, level+1);
}    

将此函数与您自己指定的TreeNode一起放置，并保持初始级别为0，并享受!

以下是一些输出示例:

|       |       |-------11
|       |-------10
|       |       |-------9
|-------8
|       |       |-------7
|       |-------6
|       |       |-------5
4
|       |-------3
|-------2
|       |-------1


|       |       |       |-------10
|       |       |-------9
|       |-------8
|       |       |-------7
|-------6
|       |-------5
4
|       |-------3
|-------2
|       |-------1

唯一的问题是延伸的分支;我会尽快解决这个问题，但在此之前你也可以使用它。

在控制台打印:

                                                500
                       700                                             300   
    200                                   400                                                                                          

简单代码:

public int getHeight()
    {
        if(rootNode == null) return -1;
        return getHeight(rootNode);
    }

    private int getHeight(Node node)
    {
        if(node == null) return -1;

        return Math.max(getHeight(node.left), getHeight(node.right)) + 1;
    }

    public void printBinaryTree(Node rootNode)
    {
        Queue<Node> rootsQueue = new LinkedList<Node>();
        Queue<Node> levelQueue = new LinkedList<Node>();
        levelQueue.add(rootNode);
        int treeHeight = getHeight();
        int firstNodeGap;
        int internalNodeGap;
        int copyinternalNodeGap;
        while(true)
        {
            System.out.println("");
            internalNodeGap = (int)(Math.pow(2, treeHeight + 1) -1);  
            copyinternalNodeGap = internalNodeGap;
            firstNodeGap = internalNodeGap/2;

            boolean levelFirstNode = true;

            while(!levelQueue.isEmpty())
            {
                internalNodeGap = copyinternalNodeGap;
                Node currNode = levelQueue.poll();
                if(currNode != null)
                {
                    if(levelFirstNode)
                    {
                        while(firstNodeGap > 0)
                        {
                            System.out.format("%s", "   ");
                            firstNodeGap--; 
                        }
                        levelFirstNode =false;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        while(internalNodeGap>0)
                        {
                            internalNodeGap--;
                            System.out.format("%s", "   ");
                        }
                    }
                    System.out.format("%3d",currNode.data);
                    rootsQueue.add(currNode);
                }
            }

            --treeHeight;

            while(!rootsQueue.isEmpty())
            {
                Node currNode = rootsQueue.poll();
                if(currNode != null)
                {
                    levelQueue.add(currNode.left);
                    levelQueue.add(currNode.right);
                }
            }

            if(levelQueue.isEmpty()) break;
        }

    }

一个Scala解决方案，改编自Vasya Novikov的答案，专门用于二叉树:

/** An immutable Binary Tree. */
case class BTree[T](value: T, left: Option[BTree[T]], right: Option[BTree[T]]) {

  /* Adapted from: http://stackoverflow.com/a/8948691/643684 */
  def pretty: String = {
    def work(tree: BTree[T], prefix: String, isTail: Boolean): String = {
      val (line, bar) = if (isTail) ("└── ", " ") else ("├── ", "│")

      val curr = s"${prefix}${line}${tree.value}"

      val rights = tree.right match {
        case None    => s"${prefix}${bar}   ├── ∅"
        case Some(r) => work(r, s"${prefix}${bar}   ", false)
      }

      val lefts = tree.left match {
        case None    => s"${prefix}${bar}   └── ∅"
        case Some(l) => work(l, s"${prefix}${bar}   ", true)
      }

      s"${curr}\n${rights}\n${lefts}"

    }

    work(this, "", true)
  }
}

试试这个:

public static void print(int[] minHeap, int minWidth) {

    int size = minHeap.length;

    int level = log2(size);
    int maxLength = (int) Math.pow(2, level) * minWidth;
    int currentLevel = -1 ;
    int width = maxLength;

    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        if (log2(i + 1) > currentLevel) {
            currentLevel++;
            System.out.println();
            width = maxLength / (int) Math.pow(2, currentLevel);
        }
        System.out.print(StringUtils.center(String.valueOf(minHeap[i]), width));
    }
    System.out.println();
}

private static int log2(int n) {
    return (int) (Math.log(n) / Math.log(2));
}

这段代码片段的思想是用maxLength(即底线的长度)除以每一行的元素数量来得到块宽度。然后把元素放在每个块的中间。

参数minWidth表示底部行中块的长度。

用一张图片来说明想法并展示结果。

public void printPreety() {
    List<TreeNode> list = new ArrayList<TreeNode>();
    list.add(head);
    printTree(list, getHeight(head));
}

public int getHeight(TreeNode head) {

    if (head == null) {
        return 0;
    } else {
        return 1 + Math.max(getHeight(head.left), getHeight(head.right));
    }
}

/**
 * pass head node in list and height of the tree 
 * 
 * @param levelNodes
 * @param level
 */
private void printTree(List<TreeNode> levelNodes, int level) {

    List<TreeNode> nodes = new ArrayList<TreeNode>();

    //indentation for first node in given level
    printIndentForLevel(level);

    for (TreeNode treeNode : levelNodes) {

        //print node data
        System.out.print(treeNode == null?" ":treeNode.data);

        //spacing between nodes
        printSpacingBetweenNodes(level);

        //if its not a leaf node
        if(level>1){
            nodes.add(treeNode == null? null:treeNode.left);
            nodes.add(treeNode == null? null:treeNode.right);
        }
    }
    System.out.println();

    if(level>1){        
        printTree(nodes, level-1);
    }
}

private void printIndentForLevel(int level){
    for (int i = (int) (Math.pow(2,level-1)); i >0; i--) {
        System.out.print(" ");
    }
}

private void printSpacingBetweenNodes(int level){
    //spacing between nodes
    for (int i = (int) ((Math.pow(2,level-1))*2)-1; i >0; i--) {
        System.out.print(" ");
    }
}


Prints Tree in following format:
                4                               
        3               7               
    1               5       8       
      2                       10   
                             9