我需要在许多地方获得用户对象，其中包含许多字段。登录后，我想保存/存储这些用户对象。我们如何实现这种场景?
我不能这样存储它:
SharedPreferences.Editor prefsEditor = myPrefs.edit();
prefsEditor.putString("BusinessUnit", strBusinessUnit);
当前回答
下面是我从这里获得的Kotlin Delegated Properties的使用方法，但扩展了它，并允许使用一种简单的机制来获取/设置SharedPreference属性。
对于String, Int, Long, Float或Boolean，它使用标准的SharePreference getter和setter。然而，对于所有其他数据类，它使用GSON序列化为一个String，用于setter。然后为getter反序列化为数据对象。
与其他解决方案类似，这需要在gradle文件中添加GSON作为依赖项:
implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.6'
下面是一个简单的数据类的例子，我们希望能够保存并存储到SharedPreferences:
data class User(val first: String, val last: String)
下面是一个实现属性委托的类:
object UserPreferenceProperty : PreferenceProperty<User>(
key = "USER_OBJECT",
defaultValue = User(first = "Jane", last = "Doe"),
clazz = User::class.java)
object NullableUserPreferenceProperty : NullablePreferenceProperty<User?, User>(
key = "NULLABLE_USER_OBJECT",
defaultValue = null,
clazz = User::class.java)
object FirstTimeUser : PreferenceProperty<Boolean>(
key = "FIRST_TIME_USER",
defaultValue = false,
clazz = Boolean::class.java
)
sealed class PreferenceProperty<T : Any>(key: String,
defaultValue: T,
clazz: Class<T>) : NullablePreferenceProperty<T, T>(key, defaultValue, clazz)
@Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
sealed class NullablePreferenceProperty<T : Any?, U : Any>(private val key: String,
private val defaultValue: T,
private val clazz: Class<U>) : ReadWriteProperty<Any, T> {
override fun getValue(thisRef: Any, property: KProperty<*>): T = HandstandApplication.appContext().getPreferences()
.run {
when {
clazz.isAssignableFrom(String::class.java) -> getString(key, defaultValue as String?) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Int::class.java) -> getInt(key, defaultValue as Int) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Long::class.java) -> getLong(key, defaultValue as Long) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Float::class.java) -> getFloat(key, defaultValue as Float) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Boolean::class.java) -> getBoolean(key, defaultValue as Boolean) as T
else -> getObject(key, defaultValue, clazz)
}
}
override fun setValue(thisRef: Any, property: KProperty<*>, value: T) = HandstandApplication.appContext().getPreferences()
.edit()
.apply {
when {
clazz.isAssignableFrom(String::class.java) -> putString(key, value as String?) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Int::class.java) -> putInt(key, value as Int) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Long::class.java) -> putLong(key, value as Long) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Float::class.java) -> putFloat(key, value as Float) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Boolean::class.java) -> putBoolean(key, value as Boolean) as T
else -> putObject(key, value)
}
}
.apply()
private fun Context.getPreferences(): SharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences(APP_PREF_NAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
private fun <T, U> SharedPreferences.getObject(key: String, defValue: T, clazz: Class<U>): T =
Gson().fromJson(getString(key, null), clazz) as T ?: defValue
private fun <T> SharedPreferences.Editor.putObject(key: String, value: T) = putString(key, Gson().toJson(value))
companion object {
private const val APP_PREF_NAME = "APP_PREF"
}
}
注意:您不需要更新密封类中的任何内容。委托的属性是对象/单例的UserPreferenceProperty, NullableUserPreferenceProperty和FirstTimeUser。
为了从SharedPreferences中保存/获取一个新的数据对象，现在只需要添加四行就可以了:
object NewPreferenceProperty : PreferenceProperty<String>(
key = "NEW_PROPERTY",
defaultValue = "",
clazz = String::class.java)
最后，你可以通过使用by关键字来读取/写入SharedPreferences的值:
private var user: User by UserPreferenceProperty
private var nullableUser: User? by NullableUserPreferenceProperty
private var isFirstTimeUser: Boolean by
Log.d("TAG", user) // outputs the `defaultValue` for User the first time
user = User(first = "John", last = "Doe") // saves this User to the Shared Preferences
Log.d("TAG", user) // outputs the newly retrieved User (John Doe) from Shared Preferences
其他回答
要添加到@MuhammadAamirALi的答案，您可以使用Gson保存和检索对象列表
保存用户定义对象的列表到SharedPreferences
public static final String KEY_CONNECTIONS = "KEY_CONNECTIONS";
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = getPreferences(MODE_PRIVATE).edit();
User entity = new User();
// ... set entity fields
List<Connection> connections = entity.getConnections();
// convert java object to JSON format,
// and returned as JSON formatted string
String connectionsJSONString = new Gson().toJson(connections);
editor.putString(KEY_CONNECTIONS, connectionsJSONString);
editor.commit();
从SharedPreferences获取用户定义对象的列表
String connectionsJSONString = getPreferences(MODE_PRIVATE).getString(KEY_CONNECTIONS, null);
Type type = new TypeToken < List < Connection >> () {}.getType();
List < Connection > connections = new Gson().fromJson(connectionsJSONString, type);
我的utils类保存列表到SharedPreferences
public class SharedPrefApi {
private SharedPreferences sharedPreferences;
private Gson gson;
public SharedPrefApi(Context context, Gson gson) {
this.sharedPreferences = context.getSharedPreferences(PREFS_NAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
this.gson = gson;
}
...
public <T> void putObject(String key, T value) {
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = sharedPreferences.edit();
editor.putString(key, gson.toJson(value));
editor.apply();
}
public <T> T getObject(String key, Class<T> clazz) {
return gson.fromJson(getString(key, null), clazz);
}
}
使用
// for save
sharedPrefApi.putList(SharedPrefApi.Key.USER_LIST, userList);
// for retrieve
List<User> userList = sharedPrefApi.getList(SharedPrefApi.Key.USER_LIST, User.class);
． 我的utils的完整代码//检查使用实例的活动代码
我已经使用jackson来存储我的对象(jackson)。
添加杰克逊库到gradle:
api 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.9.4'
api 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:2.9.4'
api 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.9.4'
我的测试类:
public class Car {
private String color;
private String type;
// standard getters setters
}
Java对象转换为JSON:
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
String carAsString = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(car);
存储在共享首选项中:
preferences.edit().car().put(carAsString).apply();
从共享首选项中恢复:
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
Car car = objectMapper.readValue(preferences.car().get(), Car.class);
下面是我从这里获得的Kotlin Delegated Properties的使用方法，但扩展了它，并允许使用一种简单的机制来获取/设置SharedPreference属性。
对于String, Int, Long, Float或Boolean，它使用标准的SharePreference getter和setter。然而，对于所有其他数据类，它使用GSON序列化为一个String，用于setter。然后为getter反序列化为数据对象。
与其他解决方案类似，这需要在gradle文件中添加GSON作为依赖项:
implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.6'
下面是一个简单的数据类的例子，我们希望能够保存并存储到SharedPreferences:
data class User(val first: String, val last: String)
下面是一个实现属性委托的类:
object UserPreferenceProperty : PreferenceProperty<User>(
key = "USER_OBJECT",
defaultValue = User(first = "Jane", last = "Doe"),
clazz = User::class.java)
object NullableUserPreferenceProperty : NullablePreferenceProperty<User?, User>(
key = "NULLABLE_USER_OBJECT",
defaultValue = null,
clazz = User::class.java)
object FirstTimeUser : PreferenceProperty<Boolean>(
key = "FIRST_TIME_USER",
defaultValue = false,
clazz = Boolean::class.java
)
sealed class PreferenceProperty<T : Any>(key: String,
defaultValue: T,
clazz: Class<T>) : NullablePreferenceProperty<T, T>(key, defaultValue, clazz)
@Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
sealed class NullablePreferenceProperty<T : Any?, U : Any>(private val key: String,
private val defaultValue: T,
private val clazz: Class<U>) : ReadWriteProperty<Any, T> {
override fun getValue(thisRef: Any, property: KProperty<*>): T = HandstandApplication.appContext().getPreferences()
.run {
when {
clazz.isAssignableFrom(String::class.java) -> getString(key, defaultValue as String?) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Int::class.java) -> getInt(key, defaultValue as Int) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Long::class.java) -> getLong(key, defaultValue as Long) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Float::class.java) -> getFloat(key, defaultValue as Float) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Boolean::class.java) -> getBoolean(key, defaultValue as Boolean) as T
else -> getObject(key, defaultValue, clazz)
}
}
override fun setValue(thisRef: Any, property: KProperty<*>, value: T) = HandstandApplication.appContext().getPreferences()
.edit()
.apply {
when {
clazz.isAssignableFrom(String::class.java) -> putString(key, value as String?) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Int::class.java) -> putInt(key, value as Int) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Long::class.java) -> putLong(key, value as Long) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Float::class.java) -> putFloat(key, value as Float) as T
clazz.isAssignableFrom(Boolean::class.java) -> putBoolean(key, value as Boolean) as T
else -> putObject(key, value)
}
}
.apply()
private fun Context.getPreferences(): SharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences(APP_PREF_NAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
private fun <T, U> SharedPreferences.getObject(key: String, defValue: T, clazz: Class<U>): T =
Gson().fromJson(getString(key, null), clazz) as T ?: defValue
private fun <T> SharedPreferences.Editor.putObject(key: String, value: T) = putString(key, Gson().toJson(value))
companion object {
private const val APP_PREF_NAME = "APP_PREF"
}
}
注意:您不需要更新密封类中的任何内容。委托的属性是对象/单例的UserPreferenceProperty, NullableUserPreferenceProperty和FirstTimeUser。
为了从SharedPreferences中保存/获取一个新的数据对象，现在只需要添加四行就可以了:
object NewPreferenceProperty : PreferenceProperty<String>(
key = "NEW_PROPERTY",
defaultValue = "",
clazz = String::class.java)
最后，你可以通过使用by关键字来读取/写入SharedPreferences的值:
private var user: User by UserPreferenceProperty
private var nullableUser: User? by NullableUserPreferenceProperty
private var isFirstTimeUser: Boolean by
Log.d("TAG", user) // outputs the `defaultValue` for User the first time
user = User(first = "John", last = "Doe") // saves this User to the Shared Preferences
Log.d("TAG", user) // outputs the newly retrieved User (John Doe) from Shared Preferences
我在使用已接受的答案访问跨活动的共享首选项数据时遇到了麻烦。在这些步骤中，您将为getSharedPreferences提供一个名称以访问它。
在构建中添加以下依赖项。Gradle脚本下的gradel (Module: app)文件:
implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.5'
保存:
MyObject myObject = new MyObject;
//set variables of 'myObject', etc.
SharedPreferences mPrefs = getSharedPreferences("Name", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
Editor prefsEditor = mPrefs.edit();
Gson gson = new Gson();
String json = gson.toJson(myObject);
prefsEditor.putString("Key", json);
prefsEditor.commit();
在不同的活动中检索:
SharedPreferences mPrefs = getSharedPreferences("Name", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
Gson gson = new Gson();
String json = mPrefs.getString("Key", "");
MyObject obj = gson.fromJson(json, MyObject.class);
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