Another approach is to adopt a concept from FEEL (the Friendly Enough Expression Language) defined in DMN (Decision Model Notation) - namely @strings. Any string starting with @" and ending with " is decoded separately with FEEL decoding. Of course the sender and the receiver have to agree to this convention, but ... the code below lets you encode lots of other things as well as dates, times, date/times, timedeltas. You can encode year/month durations and ranges (so long as you except a 4 element tuple of chr, expr, expr, chr as being a good representation of a range - where the two chrs are open/close brackets). So, @"P4Y2M" is a duration of 4 years and 2 months. @"P2DT5H" is a timedelta of 2 days and 4 hours, @"(2021-01-02 .. 2021-12-31)" is a year range.

下面的代码可用于序列化和反序列化@strings。

import datetime
import pySFeel

parser = pySFeel.SFeelParser()


def convertAtString(thisString):
    # Convert an @string
    (status, newValue) = parser.sFeelParse(thisString[2:-1])
    if 'errors' in status:
        return thisString
    else:
        return newValue


def convertIn(newValue):
    if isinstance(newValue, dict):
        for key in newValue:
            if isinstance(newValue[key], int):
                newValue[key] = float(newValue[key])
            elif isinstance(newValue[key], str) and (newValue[key][0:2] == '@"') and (newValue[key][-1] == '"'):
                newValue[key] = convertAtString(newValue[key])
            elif isinstance(newValue[key], dict) or isinstance(newValue[key], list):
                newValue[key] = convertIn(newValue[key])
    elif isinstance(newValue, list):
        for i in range(len(newValue)):
            if isinstance(newValue[i], int):
                newValue[i] = float(newValue[i])
            elif isinstance(newValue[i], str) and (newValue[i][0:2] == '@"') and (newValue[i][-1] == '"'):
                newValue[i] = convertAtString(newValue[i])
            elif isinstance(newValue[i], dict) or isinstance(newValue[i], list):
                newValue[i] = convertIn(newValue[i])
    elif isinstance(newValue, str) and (newValue[0:2] == '@"') and (newValue[-1] == '"'):
        newValue = convertAtString(newValue)
    return newValue


  def convertOut(thisValue):
      if isinstance(thisValue, datetime.date):
          return '@"' + thisValue.isoformat() + '"'
      elif isinstance(thisValue, datetime.datetime):
          return '@"' + thisValue.isoformat(sep='T') + '"'
      elif isinstance(thisValue, datetime.time):
          return '@"' + thisValue.isoformat() + '"'
      elif isinstance(thisValue, datetime.timedelta):
          sign = ''
          duration = thisValue.total_seconds()
          if duration < 0:
              duration = -duration
              sign = '-'
          secs = duration % 60
          duration = int(duration / 60)
          mins = duration % 60
          duration = int(duration / 60)
          hours = duration % 24
          days = int(duration / 24)
          return '@"%sP%dDT%dH%dM%fS"' % (sign, days, hours, mins, secs)
      elif isinstance(thisValue, bool):
          return thisValue:
      elif thisValue is None:
          return thisValue:
      elif isinstance(thisValue, int):
          sign = ''
          if thisValue < 0:
              thisValue = -thisValue
              sign = '-'
          years = int(thisValue / 12)
          months = (thisValue % 12)
          return '@"%sP%dY%dM"' % (sign, years, months)
      elif isinstance(thisValue, tuple) and (len(thisValue) == 4):
          (lowEnd, lowVal, highVal, highEnd) = thisValue
          return '@"' + lowEnd + str(lowVal) + ' .. ' + str(highVal) + highEnd
      elif thisValue is None:
          return 'null'
      elif isinstance(thisValue, dict):
          for item in thisValue:
              thisValue[item] = convertOut(thisValue[item])
          return thisValue
      elif isinstance(thisValue, list):
          for i in range(len(thisValue)):
              thisValue[i] = convertOut(thisValue[i])
          return thisValue
      else:
          return thisValue

试着用一个例子来解析它:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import datetime
import json

import dateutil.parser  # pip install python-dateutil


class JSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):

    def default(self, obj):
        if isinstance(obj, datetime.datetime):
            return obj.isoformat()
        return super(JSONEncoder, self).default(obj)


def test():
    dts = [
        datetime.datetime.now(),
        datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone(-datetime.timedelta(hours=4))),
        datetime.datetime.utcnow(),
        datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc),
    ]
    for dt in dts:
        dt_isoformat = json.loads(json.dumps(dt, cls=JSONEncoder))
        dt_parsed = dateutil.parser.parse(dt_isoformat)
        assert dt == dt_parsed
        print(f'{dt}, {dt_isoformat}, {dt_parsed}')
        # 2018-07-22 02:22:42.910637, 2018-07-22T02:22:42.910637, 2018-07-22 02:22:42.910637
        # 2018-07-22 02:22:42.910643-04:00, 2018-07-22T02:22:42.910643-04:00, 2018-07-22 02:22:42.910643-04:00
        # 2018-07-22 06:22:42.910645, 2018-07-22T06:22:42.910645, 2018-07-22 06:22:42.910645
        # 2018-07-22 06:22:42.910646+00:00, 2018-07-22T06:22:42.910646+00:00, 2018-07-22 06:22:42.910646+00:00


if __name__ == '__main__':
    test()

将日期转换为字符串

date = str(datetime.datetime(somedatetimehere)) 

如果你正在使用django模型，你可以直接将encoder=DjangoJSONEncoder传递给field构造函数。它会像魔法一样有效。

from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder 
from django.db import models 
from django.utils.timezone import now


class Activity(models.Model):
    diff = models.JSONField(null=True, blank=True, encoder=DjangoJSONEncoder)


diff = {
    "a": 1,
    "b": "BB",
    "c": now()
}

Activity.objects.create(diff=diff)

如果您正在使用python3.7，那么最好的解决方案是使用 datetime.isoformat()和 datetime.fromisoformat ();他们与天真的和 感知datetime对象:

#!/usr/bin/env python3.7

from datetime import datetime
from datetime import timezone
from datetime import timedelta
import json

def default(obj):
    if isinstance(obj, datetime):
        return { '_isoformat': obj.isoformat() }
    raise TypeError('...')

def object_hook(obj):
    _isoformat = obj.get('_isoformat')
    if _isoformat is not None:
        return datetime.fromisoformat(_isoformat)
    return obj

if __name__ == '__main__':
    #d = { 'now': datetime(2000, 1, 1) }
    d = { 'now': datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(hours=-8))) }
    s = json.dumps(d, default=default)
    print(s)
    print(d == json.loads(s, object_hook=object_hook))

输出:

{"now": {"_isoformat": "2000-01-01T00:00:00-08:00"}}
True

如果您使用的是python3.6或以下版本，并且您只关心时间值(不是 )，然后您可以使用datetime.timestamp()和 datetime.fromtimestamp()而不是;

如果您使用的是python3.6或以下版本，并且您确实关心时区，那么 你可以通过datetime获取。Tzinfo，但是您必须序列化这个字段 自己;类中添加另一个字段_tzinfo是最简单的方法 序列化的对象;

最后，要注意所有这些例子的精确性;

我刚刚遇到了这个问题，我的解决方案是子类json。JSONEncoder:

from datetime import datetime
import json

class DateTimeEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, o):
        if isinstance(o, datetime):
            return o.isoformat()

        return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, o)

在你的调用中，做一些类似:json的事情。我从上面的答案之一得到的.isoformat()。