在Java中，这些区别是什么:
Object o1 = ....
o1.getClass().getSimpleName();
o1.getClass().getName();
o1.getClass().getCanonicalName();
我已经检查了Javadoc多次，但这从未很好地解释它。 我还运行了一个测试，并没有反映出调用这些方法背后的任何真正意义。
当前回答
添加本地类、lambdas和toString()方法来完成前两个回答。此外，我添加了lambda数组和匿名类数组(尽管在实践中没有任何意义):
package com.example;
public final class TestClassNames {
private static void showClass(Class<?> c) {
System.out.println("getName(): " + c.getName());
System.out.println("getCanonicalName(): " + c.getCanonicalName());
System.out.println("getSimpleName(): " + c.getSimpleName());
System.out.println("toString(): " + c.toString());
System.out.println();
}
private static void x(Runnable r) {
showClass(r.getClass());
showClass(java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(r.getClass(), 1).getClass()); // Obtains an array class of a lambda base type.
}
public static class NestedClass {}
public class InnerClass {}
public static void main(String[] args) {
class LocalClass {}
showClass(void.class);
showClass(int.class);
showClass(String.class);
showClass(Runnable.class);
showClass(SomeEnum.class);
showClass(SomeAnnotation.class);
showClass(int[].class);
showClass(String[].class);
showClass(NestedClass.class);
showClass(InnerClass.class);
showClass(LocalClass.class);
showClass(LocalClass[].class);
Object anonymous = new java.io.Serializable() {};
showClass(anonymous.getClass());
showClass(java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(anonymous.getClass(), 1).getClass()); // Obtains an array class of an anonymous base type.
x(() -> {});
}
}
enum SomeEnum {
BLUE, YELLOW, RED;
}
@interface SomeAnnotation {}
这是完整的输出:
getName(): void
getCanonicalName(): void
getSimpleName(): void
toString(): void
getName(): int
getCanonicalName(): int
getSimpleName(): int
toString(): int
getName(): java.lang.String
getCanonicalName(): java.lang.String
getSimpleName(): String
toString(): class java.lang.String
getName(): java.lang.Runnable
getCanonicalName(): java.lang.Runnable
getSimpleName(): Runnable
toString(): interface java.lang.Runnable
getName(): com.example.SomeEnum
getCanonicalName(): com.example.SomeEnum
getSimpleName(): SomeEnum
toString(): class com.example.SomeEnum
getName(): com.example.SomeAnnotation
getCanonicalName(): com.example.SomeAnnotation
getSimpleName(): SomeAnnotation
toString(): interface com.example.SomeAnnotation
getName(): [I
getCanonicalName(): int[]
getSimpleName(): int[]
toString(): class [I
getName(): [Ljava.lang.String;
getCanonicalName(): java.lang.String[]
getSimpleName(): String[]
toString(): class [Ljava.lang.String;
getName(): com.example.TestClassNames$NestedClass
getCanonicalName(): com.example.TestClassNames.NestedClass
getSimpleName(): NestedClass
toString(): class com.example.TestClassNames$NestedClass
getName(): com.example.TestClassNames$InnerClass
getCanonicalName(): com.example.TestClassNames.InnerClass
getSimpleName(): InnerClass
toString(): class com.example.TestClassNames$InnerClass
getName(): com.example.TestClassNames$1LocalClass
getCanonicalName(): null
getSimpleName(): LocalClass
toString(): class com.example.TestClassNames$1LocalClass
getName(): [Lcom.example.TestClassNames$1LocalClass;
getCanonicalName(): null
getSimpleName(): LocalClass[]
toString(): class [Lcom.example.TestClassNames$1LocalClass;
getName(): com.example.TestClassNames$1
getCanonicalName(): null
getSimpleName():
toString(): class com.example.TestClassNames$1
getName(): [Lcom.example.TestClassNames$1;
getCanonicalName(): null
getSimpleName(): []
toString(): class [Lcom.example.TestClassNames$1;
getName(): com.example.TestClassNames$$Lambda$1/1175962212
getCanonicalName(): com.example.TestClassNames$$Lambda$1/1175962212
getSimpleName(): TestClassNames$$Lambda$1/1175962212
toString(): class com.example.TestClassNames$$Lambda$1/1175962212
getName(): [Lcom.example.TestClassNames$$Lambda$1;
getCanonicalName(): com.example.TestClassNames$$Lambda$1/1175962212[]
getSimpleName(): TestClassNames$$Lambda$1/1175962212[]
toString(): class [Lcom.example.TestClassNames$$Lambda$1;
那么，规则是这样的。首先，让我们从基本类型和void开始:
如果类对象表示一个基本类型或void，所有四个方法都只返回它的名称。
现在getName()方法的规则:
Every non-lambda and non-array class or interface (i.e, top-level, nested, inner, local and anonymous) has a name (which is returned by getName()) that is the package name followed by a dot (if there is a package), followed by the name of its class-file as generated by the compiler (whithout the suffix .class). If there is no package, it is simply the name of the class-file. If the class is an inner, nested, local or anonymous class, the compiler should generate at least one $ in its class-file name. Note that for anonymous classes, the class name would end with a dollar-sign followed by a number. Lambda class names are generally unpredictable, and you shouldn't care about they anyway. Exactly, their name is the name of the enclosing class, followed by $$Lambda$, followed by a number, followed by a slash, followed by another number. The class descriptor of the primitives are Z for boolean, B for byte, S for short, C for char, I for int, J for long, F for float and D for double. For non-array classes and interfaces the class descriptor is L followed by what is given by getName() followed by ;. For array classes, the class descriptor is [ followed by the class descriptor of the component type (which may be itself another array class). For array classes, the getName() method returns its class descriptor. This rule seems to fail only for array classes whose the component type is a lambda (which possibly is a bug), but hopefully this should not matter anyway because there is no point even on the existence of array classes whose component type is a lambda.
现在，toString()方法:
如果类实例表示一个接口(或一个注释，这是一种特殊类型的接口)，则toString()返回"interface " + getName()。如果它是一个原语，它只返回getName()。如果是其他类型(类类型，即使它非常奇怪)，则返回"class " + getName()。
getCanonicalName()方法:
For top-level classes and interfaces, the getCanonicalName() method returns just what the getName() method returns. The getCanonicalName() method returns null for anonymous or local classes and for array classes of those. For inner and nested classes and interfaces, the getCanonicalName() method returns what the getName() method would replacing the compiler-introduced dollar-signs by dots. For array classes, the getCanonicalName() method returns null if the canonical name of the component type is null. Otherwise, it returns the canonical name of the component type followed by [].
getSimpleName()方法:
For top-level, nested, inner and local classes, the getSimpleName() returns the name of the class as written in the source file. For anonymous classes the getSimpleName() returns an empty String. For lambda classes the getSimpleName() just returns what the getName() would return without the package name. This do not makes much sense and looks like a bug for me, but there is no point in calling getSimpleName() on a lambda class to start with. For array classes the getSimpleName() method returns the simple name of the component class followed by []. This have the funny/weird side-effect that array classes whose component type is an anonymous class have just [] as their simple names.
其他回答
这是我找到的描述getName()， getSimpleName()， getCanonicalName()的最好的文档
https://javahowtodoit.wordpress.com/2014/09/09/java-lang-class-what-is-the-difference-between-class-getname-class-getcanonicalname-and-class-getsimplename/
// Primitive type
int.class.getName(); // -> int
int.class.getCanonicalName(); // -> int
int.class.getSimpleName(); // -> int
// Standard class
Integer.class.getName(); // -> java.lang.Integer
Integer.class.getCanonicalName(); // -> java.lang.Integer
Integer.class.getSimpleName(); // -> Integer
// Inner class
Map.Entry.class.getName(); // -> java.util.Map$Entry
Map.Entry.class.getCanonicalName(); // -> java.util.Map.Entry
Map.Entry.class.getSimpleName(); // -> Entry
// Anonymous inner class
Class<?> anonymousInnerClass = new Cloneable() {}.getClass();
anonymousInnerClass.getName(); // -> somepackage.SomeClass$1
anonymousInnerClass.getCanonicalName(); // -> null
anonymousInnerClass.getSimpleName(); // -> // An empty string
// Array of primitives
Class<?> primitiveArrayClass = new int[0].getClass();
primitiveArrayClass.getName(); // -> [I
primitiveArrayClass.getCanonicalName(); // -> int[]
primitiveArrayClass.getSimpleName(); // -> int[]
// Array of objects
Class<?> objectArrayClass = new Integer[0].getClass();
objectArrayClass.getName(); // -> [Ljava.lang.Integer;
objectArrayClass.getCanonicalName(); // -> java.lang.Integer[]
objectArrayClass.getSimpleName(); // -> Integer[]
添加本地类、lambdas和toString()方法来完成前两个回答。此外，我添加了lambda数组和匿名类数组(尽管在实践中没有任何意义):
package com.example;
public final class TestClassNames {
private static void showClass(Class<?> c) {
System.out.println("getName(): " + c.getName());
System.out.println("getCanonicalName(): " + c.getCanonicalName());
System.out.println("getSimpleName(): " + c.getSimpleName());
System.out.println("toString(): " + c.toString());
System.out.println();
}
private static void x(Runnable r) {
showClass(r.getClass());
showClass(java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(r.getClass(), 1).getClass()); // Obtains an array class of a lambda base type.
}
public static class NestedClass {}
public class InnerClass {}
public static void main(String[] args) {
class LocalClass {}
showClass(void.class);
showClass(int.class);
showClass(String.class);
showClass(Runnable.class);
showClass(SomeEnum.class);
showClass(SomeAnnotation.class);
showClass(int[].class);
showClass(String[].class);
showClass(NestedClass.class);
showClass(InnerClass.class);
showClass(LocalClass.class);
showClass(LocalClass[].class);
Object anonymous = new java.io.Serializable() {};
showClass(anonymous.getClass());
showClass(java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(anonymous.getClass(), 1).getClass()); // Obtains an array class of an anonymous base type.
x(() -> {});
}
}
enum SomeEnum {
BLUE, YELLOW, RED;
}
@interface SomeAnnotation {}
这是完整的输出:
getName(): void
getCanonicalName(): void
getSimpleName(): void
toString(): void
getName(): int
getCanonicalName(): int
getSimpleName(): int
toString(): int
getName(): java.lang.String
getCanonicalName(): java.lang.String
getSimpleName(): String
toString(): class java.lang.String
getName(): java.lang.Runnable
getCanonicalName(): java.lang.Runnable
getSimpleName(): Runnable
toString(): interface java.lang.Runnable
getName(): com.example.SomeEnum
getCanonicalName(): com.example.SomeEnum
getSimpleName(): SomeEnum
toString(): class com.example.SomeEnum
getName(): com.example.SomeAnnotation
getCanonicalName(): com.example.SomeAnnotation
getSimpleName(): SomeAnnotation
toString(): interface com.example.SomeAnnotation
getName(): [I
getCanonicalName(): int[]
getSimpleName(): int[]
toString(): class [I
getName(): [Ljava.lang.String;
getCanonicalName(): java.lang.String[]
getSimpleName(): String[]
toString(): class [Ljava.lang.String;
getName(): com.example.TestClassNames$NestedClass
getCanonicalName(): com.example.TestClassNames.NestedClass
getSimpleName(): NestedClass
toString(): class com.example.TestClassNames$NestedClass
getName(): com.example.TestClassNames$InnerClass
getCanonicalName(): com.example.TestClassNames.InnerClass
getSimpleName(): InnerClass
toString(): class com.example.TestClassNames$InnerClass
getName(): com.example.TestClassNames$1LocalClass
getCanonicalName(): null
getSimpleName(): LocalClass
toString(): class com.example.TestClassNames$1LocalClass
getName(): [Lcom.example.TestClassNames$1LocalClass;
getCanonicalName(): null
getSimpleName(): LocalClass[]
toString(): class [Lcom.example.TestClassNames$1LocalClass;
getName(): com.example.TestClassNames$1
getCanonicalName(): null
getSimpleName():
toString(): class com.example.TestClassNames$1
getName(): [Lcom.example.TestClassNames$1;
getCanonicalName(): null
getSimpleName(): []
toString(): class [Lcom.example.TestClassNames$1;
getName(): com.example.TestClassNames$$Lambda$1/1175962212
getCanonicalName(): com.example.TestClassNames$$Lambda$1/1175962212
getSimpleName(): TestClassNames$$Lambda$1/1175962212
toString(): class com.example.TestClassNames$$Lambda$1/1175962212
getName(): [Lcom.example.TestClassNames$$Lambda$1;
getCanonicalName(): com.example.TestClassNames$$Lambda$1/1175962212[]
getSimpleName(): TestClassNames$$Lambda$1/1175962212[]
toString(): class [Lcom.example.TestClassNames$$Lambda$1;
那么，规则是这样的。首先，让我们从基本类型和void开始:
如果类对象表示一个基本类型或void，所有四个方法都只返回它的名称。
现在getName()方法的规则:
Every non-lambda and non-array class or interface (i.e, top-level, nested, inner, local and anonymous) has a name (which is returned by getName()) that is the package name followed by a dot (if there is a package), followed by the name of its class-file as generated by the compiler (whithout the suffix .class). If there is no package, it is simply the name of the class-file. If the class is an inner, nested, local or anonymous class, the compiler should generate at least one $ in its class-file name. Note that for anonymous classes, the class name would end with a dollar-sign followed by a number. Lambda class names are generally unpredictable, and you shouldn't care about they anyway. Exactly, their name is the name of the enclosing class, followed by $$Lambda$, followed by a number, followed by a slash, followed by another number. The class descriptor of the primitives are Z for boolean, B for byte, S for short, C for char, I for int, J for long, F for float and D for double. For non-array classes and interfaces the class descriptor is L followed by what is given by getName() followed by ;. For array classes, the class descriptor is [ followed by the class descriptor of the component type (which may be itself another array class). For array classes, the getName() method returns its class descriptor. This rule seems to fail only for array classes whose the component type is a lambda (which possibly is a bug), but hopefully this should not matter anyway because there is no point even on the existence of array classes whose component type is a lambda.
现在，toString()方法:
如果类实例表示一个接口(或一个注释，这是一种特殊类型的接口)，则toString()返回"interface " + getName()。如果它是一个原语，它只返回getName()。如果是其他类型(类类型，即使它非常奇怪)，则返回"class " + getName()。
getCanonicalName()方法:
For top-level classes and interfaces, the getCanonicalName() method returns just what the getName() method returns. The getCanonicalName() method returns null for anonymous or local classes and for array classes of those. For inner and nested classes and interfaces, the getCanonicalName() method returns what the getName() method would replacing the compiler-introduced dollar-signs by dots. For array classes, the getCanonicalName() method returns null if the canonical name of the component type is null. Otherwise, it returns the canonical name of the component type followed by [].
getSimpleName()方法:
For top-level, nested, inner and local classes, the getSimpleName() returns the name of the class as written in the source file. For anonymous classes the getSimpleName() returns an empty String. For lambda classes the getSimpleName() just returns what the getName() would return without the package name. This do not makes much sense and looks like a bug for me, but there is no point in calling getSimpleName() on a lambda class to start with. For array classes the getSimpleName() method returns the simple name of the component class followed by []. This have the funny/weird side-effect that array classes whose component type is an anonymous class have just [] as their simple names.
有趣的是，当类名格式错误时，getCanonicalName()和getSimpleName()会引发InternalError。这种情况发生在一些非java JVM语言上，例如Scala。
考虑以下(Java 8上的Scala 2.11):
scala> case class C()
defined class C
scala> val c = C()
c: C = C()
scala> c.getClass.getSimpleName
java.lang.InternalError: Malformed class name
at java.lang.Class.getSimpleName(Class.java:1330)
... 32 elided
scala> c.getClass.getCanonicalName
java.lang.InternalError: Malformed class name
at java.lang.Class.getSimpleName(Class.java:1330)
at java.lang.Class.getCanonicalName(Class.java:1399)
... 32 elided
scala> c.getClass.getName
res2: String = C
对于混合语言环境或动态加载字节码的环境，例如应用程序服务器和其他平台软件，这可能是一个问题。
public void printReflectionClassNames(){
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
Class clazz= buffer.getClass();
System.out.println("Reflection on String Buffer Class");
System.out.println("Name: "+clazz.getName());
System.out.println("Simple Name: "+clazz.getSimpleName());
System.out.println("Canonical Name: "+clazz.getCanonicalName());
System.out.println("Type Name: "+clazz.getTypeName());
}
outputs:
Reflection on String Buffer Class
Name: java.lang.StringBuffer
Simple Name: StringBuffer
Canonical Name: java.lang.StringBuffer
Type Name: java.lang.StringBuffer
除了Nick Holt的观察之外，我还运行了一些Array数据类型的案例:
//primitive Array
int demo[] = new int[5];
Class<? extends int[]> clzz = demo.getClass();
System.out.println(clzz.getName());
System.out.println(clzz.getCanonicalName());
System.out.println(clzz.getSimpleName());
System.out.println();
//Object Array
Integer demo[] = new Integer[5];
Class<? extends Integer[]> clzz = demo.getClass();
System.out.println(clzz.getName());
System.out.println(clzz.getCanonicalName());
System.out.println(clzz.getSimpleName());
上面的代码片段打印:
[I
int[]
int[]
[Ljava.lang.Integer;
java.lang.Integer[]
Integer[]
推荐文章
- 在流中使用Java 8 foreach循环移动到下一项
- 访问限制:'Application'类型不是API(必需库rt.jar的限制)
- 用Java计算两个日期之间的天数
- 如何配置slf4j-simple
- 在Jar文件中运行类
- 带参数的可运行?
- 我如何得到一个字符串的前n个字符而不检查大小或出界?
- 我可以在Java中设置enum起始值吗?
- Java中的回调函数
- c#和Java中的泛型有什么不同?和模板在c++ ?
- 在Java中，流相对于循环的优势是什么?
- Jersey在未找到InjectionManagerFactory时停止工作
- 在Java流是peek真的只是调试?
- Recyclerview不调用onCreateViewHolder
- 将JSON字符串转换为HashMap
