有没有办法找出一个数组有多少个值?检测是否已经到达数组的末尾也可以工作。


当前回答

从c++ 11开始,引入了一些新的模板来帮助减少处理数组长度时的痛苦。它们都定义在header <type_traits>中。

std::rank<T>::value If T is an array type, provides the member constant value equal to the number of dimensions of the array. For any other type, value is 0. std::extent<T, N>::value If T is an array type, provides the member constant value equal to the number of elements along the Nth dimension of the array, if N is in [0, std::rank<T>::value). For any other type, or if T is array of unknown bound along its first dimension and N is 0, value is 0. std::remove_extent<T>::type If T is an array of some type X, provides the member typedef type equal to X, otherwise type is T. Note that if T is a multidimensional array, only the first dimension is removed. std::remove_all_extents<T>::type If T is a multidimensional array of some type X, provides the member typedef type equal to X, otherwise type is T.

要获得多维数组的任何维度上的长度,可以使用decltype与std::extent结合使用。例如:

#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits> // std::remove_extent std::remove_all_extents std::rank std::extent

template<class T, size_t N>
constexpr size_t length(T(&)[N]) { return N; }

template<class T, size_t N>
constexpr size_t length2(T(&arr)[N]) { return sizeof(arr) / sizeof(*arr); }

int main()
{
    int a[5][4][3]{{{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}}, { }, {{7,8,9}}};

    // New way
    constexpr auto l1 = std::extent<decltype(a)>::value;     // 5
    constexpr auto l2 = std::extent<decltype(a), 1>::value;  // 4
    constexpr auto l3 = std::extent<decltype(a), 2>::value;  // 3
    constexpr auto l4 = std::extent<decltype(a), 3>::value;  // 0

    // Mixed way
    constexpr auto la = length(a);
    //constexpr auto lpa = length(*a);  // compile error
    //auto lpa = length(*a);  // get at runtime
    std::remove_extent<decltype(a)>::type pa;  // get at compile time
    //std::remove_reference<decltype(*a)>::type pa;  // same as above
    constexpr auto lpa = length(pa);
    std::cout << la << ' ' << lpa << '\n';

    // Old way
    constexpr auto la2 = sizeof(a) / sizeof(*a);
    constexpr auto lpa2 = sizeof(*a) / sizeof(**a);
    std::cout << la2 << ' ' << lpa2 << '\n';

    return 0;
}

BTY,获取多维数组中元素的总数:

constexpr auto l = sizeof(a) / sizeof(std::remove_all_extents<decltype(a)>::type);

或者把它放在一个函数模板中:

#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>
    

template<class T>
constexpr size_t len(T &a)
{
    return sizeof(a) / sizeof(typename std::remove_all_extents<T>::type);
}

int main()
{
    int a[5][4][3]{{{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}}, { }, {{7,8,9}}};
    constexpr auto ttt = len(a);
    int i;
    std::cout << ttt << ' ' << len(i) << '\n';
    
    return 0;
}

更多如何使用它们的例子可以通过以下链接找到。

其他回答

你可以通过以下方法找到数组的长度:

int  arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}; 
int size = *(&arr + 1) - arr; 
cout << "Number of elements in arr[] is "<< size; 
return 0;

从c++ 11开始,引入了一些新的模板来帮助减少处理数组长度时的痛苦。它们都定义在header <type_traits>中。

std::rank<T>::value If T is an array type, provides the member constant value equal to the number of dimensions of the array. For any other type, value is 0. std::extent<T, N>::value If T is an array type, provides the member constant value equal to the number of elements along the Nth dimension of the array, if N is in [0, std::rank<T>::value). For any other type, or if T is array of unknown bound along its first dimension and N is 0, value is 0. std::remove_extent<T>::type If T is an array of some type X, provides the member typedef type equal to X, otherwise type is T. Note that if T is a multidimensional array, only the first dimension is removed. std::remove_all_extents<T>::type If T is a multidimensional array of some type X, provides the member typedef type equal to X, otherwise type is T.

要获得多维数组的任何维度上的长度,可以使用decltype与std::extent结合使用。例如:

#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits> // std::remove_extent std::remove_all_extents std::rank std::extent

template<class T, size_t N>
constexpr size_t length(T(&)[N]) { return N; }

template<class T, size_t N>
constexpr size_t length2(T(&arr)[N]) { return sizeof(arr) / sizeof(*arr); }

int main()
{
    int a[5][4][3]{{{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}}, { }, {{7,8,9}}};

    // New way
    constexpr auto l1 = std::extent<decltype(a)>::value;     // 5
    constexpr auto l2 = std::extent<decltype(a), 1>::value;  // 4
    constexpr auto l3 = std::extent<decltype(a), 2>::value;  // 3
    constexpr auto l4 = std::extent<decltype(a), 3>::value;  // 0

    // Mixed way
    constexpr auto la = length(a);
    //constexpr auto lpa = length(*a);  // compile error
    //auto lpa = length(*a);  // get at runtime
    std::remove_extent<decltype(a)>::type pa;  // get at compile time
    //std::remove_reference<decltype(*a)>::type pa;  // same as above
    constexpr auto lpa = length(pa);
    std::cout << la << ' ' << lpa << '\n';

    // Old way
    constexpr auto la2 = sizeof(a) / sizeof(*a);
    constexpr auto lpa2 = sizeof(*a) / sizeof(**a);
    std::cout << la2 << ' ' << lpa2 << '\n';

    return 0;
}

BTY,获取多维数组中元素的总数:

constexpr auto l = sizeof(a) / sizeof(std::remove_all_extents<decltype(a)>::type);

或者把它放在一个函数模板中:

#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>
    

template<class T>
constexpr size_t len(T &a)
{
    return sizeof(a) / sizeof(typename std::remove_all_extents<T>::type);
}

int main()
{
    int a[5][4][3]{{{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}}, { }, {{7,8,9}}};
    constexpr auto ttt = len(a);
    int i;
    std::cout << ttt << ' ' << len(i) << '\n';
    
    return 0;
}

更多如何使用它们的例子可以通过以下链接找到。

正如其他人所说,您可以使用sizeof(arr)/sizeof(*arr),但这将为非数组的指针类型提供错误的答案。

template<class T, size_t N>
constexpr size_t size(T (&)[N]) { return N; }

这具有对非数组类型编译失败的良好属性(Visual Studio有_countof可以做到这一点)。constexpr使它成为编译时表达式,因此它没有任何宏的缺点(至少我不知道)。

你也可以考虑使用c++ 11中的std::array,它公开了它的长度,而不增加C原生数组的开销。

c++ 17在<iterator>头文件中有std::size(),它具有相同的功能,也适用于STL容器(感谢@Jon C)。

你可以简单地使用这段代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <array>

using namespace std;

int main()
{

  array<int,3> values;
  cout << "No. elements in valuea array: " << values.size() << " elements." << endl;
  cout << "sizeof(myints): " << sizeof(values) << endl;

}

这里是参考资料:http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/array/array/size/

对于c++ /CX(在Visual Studio中使用c++编写UWP应用程序时),我们可以通过简单地使用size()函数来查找数组中值的数量。

源代码:

string myArray[] = { "Example1", "Example2", "Example3", "Example4" };
int size_of_array=size(myArray);

如果你计算size_of_array的输出将是:

>>> 4