最大的区别是truncate是不记录日志的操作，而delete是。

简单地说，这意味着在数据库崩溃的情况下，不能通过截断恢复所操作的数据，但可以通过删除恢复。

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微软sql server的另一个不同之处在于，使用delete，你可以使用output语句来跟踪哪些记录被删除了，例如:

delete from [SomeTable]
output deleted.Id, deleted.Name

你不能用truncate这样做。

通过发出TRUNCATE TABLE语句，您将指示SQL Server删除表中的每条记录，而不进行任何日志记录或事务处理。

Truncate and Delete in SQL are two commands which is used to remove or delete data from table. Though quite basic in nature both Sql commands can create lot of trouble until you are familiar with details before using it. An Incorrect choice of command can result is either very slow process or can even blew up log segment, if too much data needs to be removed and log segment is not enough. That's why it's critical to know when to use truncate and delete command in SQL but before using these you should be aware of the Differences between Truncate and Delete, and based upon them, we should be able to find out when DELETE is better option for removing data or TRUNCATE should be used to purge tables.

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简而言之，truncate不会记录任何内容(因此更快，但不能撤消)，而delete会记录日志(并且可以是更大事务的一部分，将回滚等)。如果您在开发中有不想在表中使用的数据，通常最好截断，因为您不会冒填满事务日志的风险

对于SQL Server或MySQL，如果有一个带有自动递增的PK, truncate将重置计数器。