如何在Linux(可能还有其他unix)中列出一个组的所有成员?


当前回答

lid -g groupname | cut -f1 -d'(' 

其他回答

getent group groupname | awk -F: '{print $4}' | tr , '\n'

这有三个部分:

1 - getent group groupname显示“/etc/group”文件中组的行。替代cat /etc/group | grep groupname。

2 - awk只打印用','分隔的单行中的成员。

3 - tr将','替换为新行,并在一行中打印每个用户。

4 -可选:如果用户太多,你也可以使用另一个管道排序。

问候

再加上grep和tr:

$ grep ^$GROUP /etc/group | grep -o '[^:]*$' | tr ',' '\n'
user1
user2
user3

下面是一个脚本,返回/etc/passwd和/etc/group中的用户列表 它不检查NIS或LDAP,但它显示了将该组作为默认组的用户 在Debian 4.7和solaris 9上测试

#!/bin/bash

MYGROUP="user"

# get the group ID
MYGID=`grep $MYGROUP /etc/group | cut -d ":" -f3`
if [[ $MYGID != "" ]]
then
  # get a newline-separated list of users from /etc/group 
  MYUSERS=`grep $MYGROUP /etc/group | cut -d ":" -f4| tr "," "\n"`
  # add a newline
  MYUSERS=$MYUSERS$'\n'
  # add the users whose default group is MYGROUP from /etc/passwod 
  MYUSERS=$MYUSERS`cat /etc/passwd |grep $MYGID | cut -d ":" -f1`

  #print the result as a newline-separated list with no duplicates (ready to pass into a bash FOR loop)
  printf '%s\n' $MYUSERS  | sort | uniq
fi

或者作为一行程序,您可以直接从这里剪切和粘贴(在第一个变量中更改组名)

MYGROUP="user";MYGID=`grep $MYGROUP /etc/group | cut -d ":" -f3`;printf '%s\n' `grep $MYGROUP /etc/group | cut -d ":" -f4| tr "," "\n"`$'\n'`cat /etc/passwd |grep $MYGID | cut -d ":" -f1`  | sort | uniq

下面是另一个Python一行程序,它考虑了用户的默认组成员(来自/etc/passwd)以及组数据库(/etc/group)

python -c "import grp,pwd; print set(grp.getgrnam('mysupercoolgroup')[3]).union([u[0] for u in pwd.getpwall() if u.pw_gid == grp.getgrnam('mysupercoolgroup')[2]])"

我所做的与上面的perl代码类似,但是用本地perl函数替换了getent和id。它要快得多,应该可以跨不同的*nix口味工作。

#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict;
my $arg=shift;
my %groupMembers; # defining outside of function so that hash is only built once for multiple function calls

sub expandGroupMembers{
my $groupQuery=shift;
unless (%groupMembers){
    while (my($name,$pass,$uid,$gid,$quota,$comment,$gcos,$dir,$shell,$expire)=getpwent()) {
            my $primaryGroup=getgrgid($gid);
            $groupMembers{$primaryGroup}->{$name}=1;
    }
    while (my($gname,$gpasswd,$gid,$members)=getgrent()) {
            foreach my $member (split / /, $members){
                    $groupMembers{$gname}->{$member}=1;
            }
    }
}
my $membersConcat=join(",",sort keys %{$groupMembers{$groupQuery}});
return "$membersConcat" || "$groupQuery Does have any members";
}
print &expandGroupMembers($arg)."\n";