如何找到本地IP地址(即192.168.x。x或10.0.x.x)在Python平台独立,只使用标准库?
当前回答
在Debian上(经过测试),我怀疑大多数Linux ..
import commands
RetMyIP = commands.getoutput("hostname -I")
在MS Windows上(已测试)
import socket
socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
其他回答
import socket
socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
这并不总是有效(在/etc/hosts主机名为127.0.0.1的机器上返回127.0.0.1),gimel显示的是一个缓和的方法,使用socket.getfqdn()代替。当然,您的机器需要一个可解析的主机名。
你可以使用netifaces模块。类型:
pip install netifaces
在你的命令shell中,它会在默认的Python安装中安装自己。
然后你可以这样使用它:
from netifaces import interfaces, ifaddresses, AF_INET
for ifaceName in interfaces():
addresses = [i['addr'] for i in ifaddresses(ifaceName).setdefault(AF_INET, [{'addr':'No IP addr'}] )]
print '%s: %s' % (ifaceName, ', '.join(addresses))
在我的电脑上,它打印出:
{45639BDC-1050-46E0-9BE9-075C30DE1FBC}: 192.168.0.100 {D43A468B-F3AE-4BF9-9391-4863A4500583}: 10.5.9.207
这个模块的作者声称它应该在Windows、UNIX和Mac OS X上工作。
这不是很Pythonic,但它在Windows上可靠地工作。
def getWinIP(version = 'IPv4'):
import subprocess
if version not in ['IPv4', 'IPv6']:
print 'error - protocol version must be "IPv4" or "IPv6"'
return None
ipconfig = subprocess.check_output('ipconfig')
my_ip = []
for line in ipconfig.split('\n'):
if 'Address' in line and version in line:
my_ip.append(line.split(' : ')[1].strip())
return my_ip
print getWinIP()
是的,这是一种黑客行为,但有时我不想事后怀疑操作系统,直接使用内置的和有效的操作系统就行了。
import socket
[i[4][0] for i in socket.getaddrinfo(socket.gethostname(), None)]
Socket API方法
参见https://stackoverflow.com/a/28950776/711085
缺点:
Not cross-platform. Requires more fallback code, tied to existence of particular addresses on the internet This will also not work if you're behind a NAT Probably creates a UDP connection, not independent of (usually ISP's) DNS availability (see other answers for ideas like using 8.8.8.8: Google's (coincidentally also DNS) server) Make sure you make the destination address UNREACHABLE, like a numeric IP address that is spec-guaranteed to be unused. Do NOT use some domain like fakesubdomain.google.com or somefakewebsite.com; you'll still be spamming that party (now or in the future), and spamming your own network boxes as well in the process.
反射器方法
(请注意,这并没有回答OP的本地IP地址问题,例如192.168…;它会给你你的公共IP地址,根据用例,这可能更可取。)
你可以查询一些网站,如whatismyip.com(但有一个API),例如:
from urllib.request import urlopen
import re
def getPublicIp():
data = str(urlopen('http://checkip.dyndns.com/').read())
# data = '<html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: 65.96.168.198</body></html>\r\n'
return re.compile(r'Address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)').search(data).group(1)
或者如果使用python2:
from urllib import urlopen
import re
def getPublicIp():
data = str(urlopen('http://checkip.dyndns.com/').read())
# data = '<html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: 65.96.168.198</body></html>\r\n'
return re.compile(r'Address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)').search(data).group(1)
优点:
这种方法的一个优点是它是跨平台的 它从丑陋的nat(例如你的家用路由器)后面工作。
缺点(和变通方法):
要求网站正常运行,格式不变(几乎肯定不会),DNS服务器正常工作。在失败的情况下,还可以通过查询其他第三方IP地址反射器来缓解这个问题。 如果您不查询多个反射器(以防止一个受损害的反射器告诉您您的地址不是某个东西),或者如果您不使用HTTPS(以防止假装是服务器的中间人攻击),则可能的攻击向量
edit: Though initially I thought these methods were really bad (unless you use many fallbacks, the code may be irrelevant many years from now), it does pose the question "what is the internet?". A computer may have many interfaces pointing to many different networks. For a more thorough description of the topic, google for gateways and routes. A computer may be able to access an internal network via an internal gateway, or access the world-wide web via a gateway on for example a router (usually the case). The local IP address that the OP asks about is only well-defined with respect to a single link layer, so you have to specify that ("is it the network card, or the ethernet cable, which we're talking about?"). There may be multiple non-unique answers to this question as posed. However the global IP address on the world-wide web is probably well-defined (in the absence of massive network fragmentation): probably the return path via the gateway which can access the TLDs.
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