My team versions our database schema as C# classes with the rest of our code. We have a homegrown C# program (<500 lines of code) that reflects the classes and creates SQL commands to build, drop and update the database. After creating the database we run sqlmetal to generate a linq mapping, which is then compiled in another project that is used to generate test data. The whole things works really well because data access is checked at compile time. We like it because the schema is stored in a .cs file which is easy to track compare in trac/svn.

The most successful scheme I've ever used on a project has combined backups and differential SQL files. Basically we would take a backup of our db after every release and do an SQL dump so that we could create a blank schema from scratch if we needed to as well. Then anytime you needed to make a change to the DB you would add an alter scrip to the sql directory under version control. We would always prefix a sequence number or date to the file name so the first change would be something like 01_add_created_on_column.sql, and the next script would be 02_added_customers_index. Our CI machine would check for these and run them sequentially on a fresh copy of the db that had been restored from the backup.

我们还准备了一些脚本，开发人员可以用一个命令将本地db重新初始化到当前版本。

是的，我们通过保留SQL作为构建的一部分来做到这一点——我们保留DROP。sql,创造。sql,用户。sql,值。SQL和版本控制，所以我们可以恢复到任何带标签的版本。

我们还有ant任务，可以在需要时重新创建db。

此外，SQL还被标记为与之配套的源代码。

我通过编写脚本输出所有对象(表定义、索引、存储过程等)来源控制数据库模式。但是，至于数据本身，只需依赖定期备份。这确保了所有的结构更改都被正确的修订历史记录捕获，但不会在每次数据更改时给数据库带来负担。

必须阅读将数据库置于版本控制之下。查看K. Scott Allen的系列帖子。

When it comes to version control, the database is often a second or even third-class citizen. From what I've seen, teams that would never think of writing code without version control in a million years-- and rightly so-- can somehow be completely oblivious to the need for version control around the critical databases their applications rely on. I don't know how you can call yourself a software engineer and maintain a straight face when your database isn't under exactly the same rigorous level of source control as the rest of your code. Don't let this happen to you. Get your database under version control.

任何数据库接口代码都应该进入版本控制(存储过程、函数等)。

对于结构和数据，这是一个判断。我个人对我的数据库保持一个干净的结构模板，但由于它们的大小，不将它们存储在版本控制中。但是将它存储在版本控制中是非常有益的，即使对于只有历史记录也是如此。